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RIVERINE ECOSYSTEM. STREAM ORDERS. Gradient. Low-order Steep slope fast flow removes sediment high clarity exposed rock High-order: Gradual slope slow flow settling sediment low clarity sand/silt bottom. Temperature. Low-order:
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Gradient • Low-order • Steep slope fast flow removes sediment high clarity exposed rock • High-order: • Gradual slope slow flow settling sediment low clarity sand/silt bottom
Temperature • Low-order: • Narrow width shaded cool water high dissolved O2 • High-order: • Wide width exposed to sun warm water low dissolved O2
Energy Flow • Low-order: • Leaves drop caught in rocks/roots provide nutrients for invertebrates (CPOM)
Energy Flow • Mid-order: • CPOM breakdown (FPOM) • Producers • Algae clinging to rocks (periphyton) • Rooted, submergent vegetation
Energy Flow • High-order: • Producers throughout water column • Phytoplankton (free-floating algae)
Low-order Fish • Stream-lined, muscular • High metabolism: • Fatty tissue, high O2 demand • Examples: trout, dace, darter
High-order Fish • Broad bodied • Low-metabolism • low O2 demand • Examples: perch, bass, catfish, carp
Fish • Anadromous Fish • Spends part of life in salt and freshwater • Spawn in Streams (Atlantic Salmon, Herring) • Spawn in Ocean (American Eel)