Prehistory to Early Civilizations

1. Prehistory to Early Civilizations Paleolithic Era Civilization Neolithic Era

2. Prehistory refers to the period of time • after the first civilizations emerged • beforewritten language • When the first nation-states emerged

3. We study their books and ancient writings. • We dig up and analyze what is left of them and the things they made • We study government documents. How do we learn about prehistoric humans?

4. Who studies past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts? • botonist • historian • archaeologist

5. Which is the most accurate way to determine the age of an organic (once living) item? • Compare it to the age of other items found at the same site • Relative dating • Analyze the carbon-14 content (carbon dating)

6. What is the name of this archaeological site located in England? • Parthenon • Pantheon • Stonehenge

7. Aleppo, Jericho, Çatalhöyük, and Stonehenge are all archaeological sites built during the • Paleolithic Era • Neolithic Era • Early civilization • Classical Era

8. Mediterranean Sea Aleppo Jericho The Neolithic cities pictured on the map grew due to the agricultural advantage of their location in the Fertile Crescent on the Aegean Sea in the Indus Valley on the Persian Gulf

9. Çatalhöyük is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in • England • Anatolia • Mesopotamia • Egypt

10. Where are the oldest remains of humans found? • Europe • Africa • Asia

11. The scientific name for modern man is • homo erectus • homo habilis • homo sapiens

12. Which era lasted from the emergence of man until the development of agriculture? • Neolithic • Civilization • Paleolithic

13. Another name for the Paleolithic Era is the • bronze age • new stone age • old stone age

14. How did people of the old stone age obtain food? • farming • hunting and gathering • trading

15. All of the following were characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies EXCEPT • nomadic • pottery C. oral language D. fire E. simple tools and weapons

16. Paleolithic people lived in • cities • permanent villages • clans (family groups)

17. The key invention of the Neolithic era was the development of • cities • agriculture • fire

18. tents/clans • permanent dwellings/villages • caves/cities Because they no longer had to migrate in search of food and water, people of the Neolithic Era were able to live in ______ and settle in_______.

19. All of the following are new technologies developed during the new stone age EXCEPT • woven cloth • bronze tools • domesticated animals • pottery

20. What is the key feature of civilization? • permanent dwellings • settled farming C. cities

21. agricultural surplus • urban planning • invention of cement What was the main reason for the growth of cities?

22. What led to the production of extra food in the earliest civilizations? • The three-field system • the plow, irrigation, and better farming tools • Farm subsidies

23. All of the following are characteristics of early civilizations EXCEPT • cities • centralized governments • rigid class system • elected rulers • written language

24. All of the following are characteristics of early civilizations EXCEPT • law codes • job specialization • bronze and iron tools • hereditary rulers • monotheistic religions

25. The earliest written languages (cuneiform, hieroglyphics) developed from • pictograms • letters • sounds

26. Job SpecializationMatch jobs to descriptions: A. artisans: blacksmiths, brick-layers, potters, weavers B. scribes: could read and write C. merchants : bought and sold goods (traded).

27. Polytheism is the belief in • one God • many gods • no god(s)