The War of 1812 and the Monroe Doctrine: Impact on American Nationalism

1. Good Morning! Please take out your project from yesterday and begin working with your group.

2. Essential Question: • Did Lewis and Clark follow directions? • Warm-Up Question: • How will the fact that Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican influence his policies as America’s third president?

3. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) Lewis & Clark were sent by Jefferson to map & explore this new territory; Their findings revealed an abundance of natural resources for America

4. 4) James Madison (1809 – 1817) • Born: March 16, 1751 • Died: June 28, 1836 • Wife: Dolley • Religion: Episcopalian • Education: attended Princeton University • Occupation: Attorney • Political Party: Jeffersonian Republican • Other: Last President who fought in the American Revolution; He was short – only 5ft 4inches • “Father of the Constitution”

5. The War of 1812 “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry • Unfortunately, the war between England & France continued to cause problems for Americans: • England & France continued to violate American free trade • The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants • Americans suspected the British of helping Native American enemies • Americans wanted to drive the British out of North America and conquer Canada

6. Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

7. The War of 1812 (1812—1814) • The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war began • Had a weak navy&poorly trained army • Thewarwent badly at first The British attacked & burned Washington, DC… …and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

8. The War of 1812 (1812—1814) • In 1814, Britain & U.S. signed the Treaty of Ghent ending the war • Before news arrived, the Americans won the Battle of New Orleans The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who became a national hero The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel as though they won the war

9. Effects of the War of 1812 • Encouraged American nationalism • Ended the Federalist Party • Weakened Native American resistance • U.S. acquired Florida (Adams-Onis Treaty)

10. Treaty of Ghent • Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war • Effects of the War of 1812: • Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British • America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” with a popular president & booming national economy

11. The Era of Good Feelings • After the War of 1812, America experienced an “Era of Good Feelings” from 1815 to 1825: • Nationalism—the interests of the USA should be placed ahead of regional interests

12. The American System • In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South, & West

13. Nationalist Foreign Policy Foreign Policy: Expanding U.S. borders & increasing America’s role in world affairs • Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in Latin America • Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere & that the U.S. would not interfere in Europe

14. Monroe Doctrine Reading & questions

15. Monroe Doctrine Reading & questions • Answer the following questions on the back of the reading in complete sentences: • 1. How did the Monroe Doctrine change U.S. foreign policy? • 2. Why was the Monroe Doctrine important? • 3. How was the Monroe Doctrine an example of Nationalism?

16. Lets recap the War of 1812

17. A nat’l system of roads & canals Transportation by 1840: Rivers, Roads, Canals, & Railroads National Road were often toll roads, which travelers paid a fee to use Erie Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean New York grew into the largest city and a center of trade because of the Canal

18. America: Story of Us • http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/new-york/videos/building-the-erie-canal?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIIM1mHfJ0U

19. Essential Question: • How did the development of regional economies & Clay’s American System led to a national American economy? • Warm-Up Question: • In groups, examine each of 4 placards. For each, look at technology

20. The Market Revolution • From 1800 to 1840, the U.S. developed a “national” economy: • New technologies allowed the North (industry), South (cotton), & West (commercial farming) to develop specializedeconomies • Improved transportation reduced travel time & cost to ship goods which helped connect the country

21. The National Economy: The South Technology: In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin making cotton easy to refine & very profitable http://www.eliwhitney.org/7/sites/default/files/minisites/cotton/patent.html

22. Eli Whitney’s Other Major Invention:Interchangeable Parts

23. The National Economy: The North Technology: By 1840, Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts & other textile technology led to an Industrial Revolution in the North

24. Power Loom Sewing Machine Spinning Mule

25. Textile Production Before the Industrial Revolution

26. The Lowell Mill in Massachusetts was the most famous textile mill Lowell managers hired young, single girls to work & live at the factory

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkJwOYagvuI

28. The National Economy: The North Specialized Regional Economy: By 1840, Northern factories mass produced textiles, farm equipment, other finished goods The growth of factories in the North led to an increase in cities (urbanization)

29. American Population Centers in 1820 American Population Centers in 1860

30. American Population Centers in 1820 American Population Centers in 1860

31. The National Economy: The South Specialized Regional Economy: By 1820, cotton became the dominant cash crop of the Deep South The spread of cotton increased slavery & plantation agriculture in the South

32. http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/cotton-gin-and-eli-whitney#http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/cotton-gin-and-eli-whitney#

33. The Cotton Gin

34. The Rise of “King Cotton” • Southern cotton was so important to the antebellum economy that it was known as “King Cotton” • The South provided 75% of world’s cotton • Southern cotton stimulated the growth of Northern textile industry, shipping, & marketing

38. Slave Population, 1860 Slave Population, 1820

39. Slave Population, 1860 Slave Population, 1820

40. Slaves picking cotton on a Mississippi plantation

41. Southern White Class Structure

42. The National Economy: The West Technology: Cyrus McCormick’s reaper & John Deere’s steel plow allowed western farmers to grow enough food to sell

43. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper John Deere & the Steel Plow

44. The National Economy: The West Specialized Regional Economy: The West became a network of cash-crop farms producing wheat, corn, hogs, & cattle

45. Commercial Farming in the West

47. Essential Question: • How did Antebellum reformers address social problems in America from 1820 to 1850? • Warm-Up Question: • Which was the more important change in the early Antebellum era in U.S. history: the cotton gin or the American System? Why?

48. Antebellum Reforms Learning Stations • In teams, visit each learning station: • Examine the placards in the 5 “problems” & 5 “reforms” stations, examine the primary sources, & guess what the problem/reform is • Check your answers on the back of the placard & take notes on the sheet provided • Match each problem with the appropriate reform on notes sheet

49. Room Set-Up A B E Learning Stations: Social “Problems” of the Early Antebellum Era 1 2 Social “Reforms” of the Early Antebellum Era C D 3 Learning Stations: 5 4

50. The Problem: Low Church Attendance • By 1800, church membership in was low & falling; Just 1 out of 15 people in America was a member of a church • Poverty, crime, & immorality seemed to be increasing at an alarming rate