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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Heart. Made mostly of cardiac muscle 4 chambers – 2 chambers on top (atria); 2 chambers on the bottom (ventricles) Right & left sides divided by the septum Right side has oxygen-poor blood Left side has oxygen-rich blood

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System

  2. Heart • Made mostly of cardiac muscle • 4 chambers – 2 chambers on top (atria); 2 chambers on the bottom (ventricles) • Right & left sides divided by the septum • Right side has oxygen-poor blood • Left side has oxygen-rich blood • Valves between atria and ventricles and between ventricles & vessels keep blood flowing in one direction

  3. Heart

  4. Two Separate Circulation Loops • Pulmonary Circulation: Oxygen–poor blood goes to the lungs to drop off CO2 and pick up O2 (returns to heart high in oxygen) • Systemic Circulation: Oxygen–rich blood goes around the body – gas exchange with individual cells (returns to heart low in oxygen)

  5. Top Chambers (Atria) • Both top chambers receive blood • Top Right chamber receives oxygen-poor blood from the body • Top Left chamber receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

  6. Bottom Chambers (Ventricles) • Each bottom chamber receives blood from the atrium above it, and pumps blood out of the heart • Bottom right chamber pumps blood into blood vessels that sends it to the lungs for gas exchange • Bottom left chamber pumps blood into the aorta that sends it to the body for gas exchange in tissues

  7. Pathway of Blood through the Heart

  8. Valves • There are 2 sets of valves between the top (atria) and bottom (ventricles) chambers • There are 2 sets of valves between the ventricles and blood vessels of the heart • The heartbeat sounds you hear are really the valves closing • Because there are 2 sets of valves closing, there are 2 sounds to the beat (“lub dub”)

  9. Lub Dub

  10. Arteries Moves blood away from the heart Walls are thick Has smooth muscle on inside Small in diameter, but elastic so it can expand Veins Moves blood towards the heart Much thinner than arteries Has smooth muscle on inside (< than arteries) Larger in diameter One–way valves to keep blood moving in one direction Blood Vessels • Capillaries • Links arteries and veins in body cells • Thinnest blood vessels (1 cell thick) • Site of diffusion for gas exchange in lungs & body cells

  11. Exchange in Body Cells… • At the capillaries, • O2 and nutrients diffuse from bloodstream into body cells • CO2 and wastes diffuse from the body cells into the bloodstream

  12. Exchange in Digestive System… • Water-soluble substances (including vitamin C) move from the intestines to the bloodstream (along with water) by osmosis • Small lipids also diffuse into blood

  13. Exchange in Digestive System… • Some substances (including the sugar fructose) need transport proteins to get across the cell membrane • These substances travel down the concentration gradient – absorbed by facilitated diffusion

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