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Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers

Explore the molecular and structural formulas of hydrocarbons and isomers. Learn about condensed, expanded, and skeletal formulas, as well as the significance of isomers in pharmaceutical applications. Dive into the world of conformational isomers and their chemical properties.

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Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers

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  1. Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers The adventure continues

  2. Molecular Formulas • The general formula for an alkane is: CnH2n+2 • The molecular formula indicates the atoms present and their amounts.

  3. Structural Formula • Structural formulas are two dimensional structural representations of how the various atoms of a molecule are bound to one another. • Structural formulas show every atom and every bond.

  4. Find the structural formula for… C2H6 C8H18 C4H10 Examples

  5. Two types of structural formulas • The expanded structural formula. • This is what we have looked at so far. • The condensed structural formula. • This uses groups of atoms in which the central atoms and those connected are added in groups.

  6. Condensed formulas • We may condense these formulas even further. • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • May be written as: • CH3(CH2)2CH3

  7. Expanded structural formulas show all bonds in the molecule. Some condensed structural formulas show only certain bonds between carbons. A skeletal structural formula shows only the bonds between carbons. It omits the Hydrogen. Therefore: CH3CH2CH2CH3 Means CH3(CH2)2CH3 Means C-C-C-C The C makes 4 bonds. The H’s are assumed Also:

  8. Isomers • Molecular formulas tell you only how many of each atom is in the molecule. • It does not give you the arrangement. • C4H10 has more than one possible arrangement.

  9. Isomers • Isomers have different arrangements of atoms and therefore have different chemical properties.

  10. Pharmaceutical Implications • The larger the number of carbons in the carbon chain, the larger the number of possible isomers. • When chemists form new compounds, they must separate out all the isomers to identify the physiologically active compound.

  11. Conformations of Alkanes • Carbons bound by singles bonds may rotate around their bonds. • Conformation is the specific three dimensional arrangement of the atoms in an organic compound. • Let’s go to the Ball and Stick model!

  12. Not this Ball & Stick

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