EU Machinery Directive

1. EU Machinery Directive TUV Rheinland of North America, Inc Industrial Machinery Division (Chicago Office) Glyn R. Garside Senior Engineer 1945 Techny Rd, Unit 4 NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-5357, USA Tel  (847)562-9888 ext 25 Fax  (847)562-0688 email ggarside@us.tuv.com http://www.us.tuv.com

2. Machinery Directive EU MachineryDirective 98/37/EC

3. CE Marking • Effective Date… • Since January 1, 1995 all machinery has to be CE-marked • Safety covers more than just the operating machine it also covers... • installation • documentation • servicing • dismantling • Maintenance • hazardous waste

4. Definitions • “Machinery” • an assembly of linked parts or components, • at least one of which moves, • with the appropriate actuators, control and power circuits, etc., • joined together for a specific application, • in particular for the processing, treatment, moving or packaging of a material;

5. Definitions • The term “Machinery” also covers an assembly of machines which, • in order to achieve the same end, • are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole.

6. Definitions “Machinery” includes interchangeable equipment: • modifying the function of a machine, • placed on the market to be • assembled with a machine, or • a series of different machines or • with a tractor by the operator himself • not a spare part or a tool

7. Definitions • Safety component • a component placed on the market • to fulfill a safety function when in use • and the failure or malfunctioning of which endangers the safety or health of exposed persons (list on later slide)

8. Excluded Machinery Machinery Outside Scope of Directive[In most cases, because another directive applies] • Machinery whose only power source is directly applied manual effort • unless it is a machine for lifting or lowering loads • Machinery for medical use in direct contact with Patients • Special Equipment for use in Fairgrounds and / or Amusement Parks

9. Excluded Machinery • Steam Boilers, Tanks & Pressure Vessels • Machinery for nuclear purposes • if failure may result in radioactive emission • Radioactive sources forming part of machinery • Firearms

10. Excluded Machinery • Storage tanks and pipelines • for petrol, diesel fuel, inflammable liquids and dangerous substances • Means of transport • passenger vehicles and their trailers for air / road / rail / water networks • mineral extraction vehicles not excluded

11. Excluded Machinery • Seagoing vessels • Mobile offshore units • Cableways • including funicular railways, for public or private transportation of persons • Agricultural and forestry tractors • defined in Directive 74/150/EEC (wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors)

12. Excluded Machinery • Permanent Elevators (lifts) in buildings • Using rigid guides, inclined at > 15º • for transport of persons… • persons and goods [freight] • Freight alone if the car is accessible • (for instance, a person may enter it without difficulty, controls inside car or reachable from inside) • [See elevator directive]

13. Excluded Machinery • Special machines for military or police • Means of transport of persons • using rack and pinion rail mounted vehicles

14. Excluded Machinery • Mine winding gear • Theater elevators • Construction site hoists intended for lifting persons or persons and goods

15. CE Marking Before placing on the market: • Manufacturer (or representative in EU) • machinery not in Annex IV: • draw up Technical Construction File per Annex V • Product listed in Annex IV of Directive • Specific hazardous machines (see later slides) • Safety devices (see later slides) • If it does not fully comply with [harmonized] standards • Submit sample for EC type-exam (Annex VI)

16. CE Marking • Annex IV machinery, fully complies with [harmonized] standards • forward Technical Construction File to notified body (will issue receipt and keep file) • or, submit TCF to the notified body (NB) • NB will simply verify that the [harmonized] standards have been correctly applied • will draw up a certificate of adequacy for the file • or submit sample for the EC type-examination

17. Annex IV Types of Machinery and Safety Components for Which the Procedure Referred to in Article 8(2)(b) and (c) Must Be Applied

18. ANNEX IV Section A - Machinery • 1. Circular Saws (single & multi-blade) • for working with Wood, Meat & analogous Material • 1.1 Sawing Machines • with fixed tool during operation, • having a fixed bed • manual feed of the workpiece • or with a demountable power feed

19. ANNEX IV • 1.2 Sawing Machines • with fixed tool during operation • manually operated reciprocating saw-bench or carriage • 1.3 Sawing Machines • with fixed tool during operation • built-in mechanical feed device for the workpieces, • with manual loading and/or unloading

20. ANNEX IV • 1.4 Sawing Machines • with moveable tool during operation, • with a mechanical feed device and • manual loading and/or unloading • 2. Hand-fed surface planing machines for woodworking • 3. Thicknessers for one-side dressing • with manual loading and/or unloading for woodworking

21. ANNEX IV • 4. Band-saws • with mobile bed or carriage • and manual loading and/or unloading • for working with wood, meat& analogous materials • 5. Combined machines • of the types referred to in 1 to 4 and 7 for working with wood & analogous materials

22. ANNEX IV • 6. Hand-fed tenoning machines • with several tool holders • for working with wood and analogous materials • 7. Vertical spindle molding machines • hand-fed, for wood and analogous materials • 8. Portable chain saws for woodworking

23. Annex IV • 9. Presses, including press-brakes • for cold working of metals, • with manual loading and/or unloading, • whose movable working parts may have • travel exceeding 6 mm and • speed exceeding 30 mm/s

24. Annex IV • 10. Injection or compression plastics-molding machines • with manual loading or unloading • 11. Injection or compression rubber-molding machines • with manual loading or unloading

25. Annex IV • 12. Machinery for underground working • of the following types: • machinery on rails: locomotives& brake-vans • hydraulic-powered roof supports • internal combustion engines to be fitted to machinery for underground working

26. ANNEX IV • 13. Manually-loaded trucks • for the collection of household refuse/waste • incorporating a compression mechanism • 14. Guards & detachable transmission shafts • with universal joints as described in 3.4.7 • 15. Vehicle servicing lifts

27. ANNEX IV • 16. Devices for lifting of persons • involving risk of falling from a height > 3m • 17. Machines for the manufacture of pyrotechnics

28. ANNEX IV Section B - Safety Components • 1. Electro-sensitive devices • designed to detect personsin order to ensure their safety (non-material barriers, sensor mats, electromagnetic detectors, etc.) [example: light curtains] • 2. Logic units which ensure safety functions of two hand controls

29. ANNEX IV • 3. Automatic movable screens • to protect presses referred to in 9, 10 & 11 • 4. Roll-over protection structures (ROPS) • 5. Fallings-object protective structures (FOPS)

30. Annex I – EHSRs Essential Health & Safety Requirements Relating to the Design and Construction of Machinery and Safety Components Machinery Directive 98/37/EC, Annex I (Partial List)

31. Preliminary Observations • Requirements apply only when the corresponding hazard exists, when it is used under the conditions foreseen • Requirements 1.1.2, 1.7.3 and 1.7.4 apply to all machinery • Requirements are mandatory • However, taking into account the state of the art, it may not be possible to meet the objectives set by them • In this case, the machinery must as far as possible be designed and constructed with the purpose of approaching those objectives • Manufacturer must assess the hazards • Identify all of those which apply to his machine • Then design & construct taking account of his assessment

32. 1.1 General

33. 1.1.1 Definitions • danger zone • any zone within and/or around machinery in which an exposed person is subject to a risk to his health or safety

34. 1.1.1 Definitions • exposed person • any person wholly or partially in a danger zone • operator • person or persons given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or transporting machinery

35. 1.1.2 Principles of safety integration • Must be fit for its function • adjustable and maintainable without putting persons at risk • when these operations are carried out under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. • aim must be to eliminate any risk of accident throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the machinery • including the assembly and dismantling, • even where risks of accident arise from foreseeable abnormal situations

36. Selection of Measures Must apply the following principles, in the order given: • eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible (inherently safe machinery design and construction) • take necessary protection measures for risks that cannot be eliminated (guards, interlocks, etc.) • inform users of the residual risks due to any shortcomings of the protection measures adopted • indicate whether any particular training is required and specify any need to provide personal protection equipment [PPE]

37. Reasonable and abnormal uses • Design, construction & instructions must consider • normal use of the machinery • also uses which could reasonably be expected • Machinery must be designed to prevent abnormal use if such use would engender a risk • In other cases the instructions must draw the user’s attention to ways — which experience has shown might occur — in which the machinery should not be used

38. Ergonomics and Constraints • Under intended conditions of use • operator discomfort, fatigue & psychological stress must be reduced to minimum possible taking ergonomic principles into account • Must take account of the operator constraints due to foreseeable use of personal protection equipment (PPE) • Such as footwear, gloves, etc • Machinery must be supplied with • all essential special equipment and accessories • to enable it to be adjusted, maintained and used without risk

39. 1.1.3 Materials and products • materials used to construct machinery • or products used and created during its use • must not endanger exposed persons’ safety or health • In particular, where fluids are used, machinery must be designed and constructed for use without risks due to filling, use, recovery or draining

40. 1.1.4 Lighting • Must supply suitable integral lighting • where its lack is likely to cause a risk despite ambient lighting of normal intensity • Must ensure for lighting provided by the manufacturer • no area of shadow likely to cause nuisance • no irritating dazzle • no dangerous stroboscopic effects • Internal parts requiring frequent inspection, and adjustment & maintenance areas, must be provided with appropriate lighting

41. 1.1.5 Handling • Machinery or each component thereof must: • be capable of being handled safely • be packaged or designed to be stored safely • provided with lifting means if not capable of being moved by hand • if moved by hand must be easily moveable or equipped for picking up (hand grips….)

42. 1.1.5 Design to facilitate handling • Machinery or each component part thereof must: • be capable of being handled safely, • be packaged or designed so that it can be stored safely and without damage (e.g. adequate stability, special supports, etc.). • If cannot readily be moved by hand, the machinery or each component part must; • either be fitted with attachments for lifting gear, or • be designed so that it can be fitted with such attachments (e.g. threaded holes), or • be shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.

43. 1.1.5 Design to facilitate handling • Where machinery or one of its component parts is to be moved by hand, it must: — either be easily movable, or — be equipped for picking up (e.g. hand-grips, etc.) and moving in complete safety. • Special arrangements must be made for the handling of tools and/or machinery parts, even if lightweight, which could be dangerous (shape, material, etc.)

44. 1.2 Controls

45. 1.2.1 Controls • Safety and Reliability of Control Systems • must withstand rigors of use • errors in logic do not lead to dangerous situations • Control Devices must be: • clearly visible and identifiable • positioned for safe operation

46. 1.2.2 Control Devices • Designed so that the movement of the control is consistent with its effect • Located outside danger zones • except where necessary (e.g. E-stop) • Designed or protected (covered) • to prevent unintentional operation • if the result could present a risk • Made so as to withstand foreseeable strain

47. 1.2.3 Starting • Machinery must start only by intentional actuation of a control provided for the purpose • The same requirement applies: • when restarting the machinery after a stoppage, whatever the cause • when effecting a significant change in the operating conditions (e.g. speed, pressure, etc.) • unless such restarting or change in operating conditions is without risk to exposed persons • requirement does not apply to the restarting or change in operating conditions due to normal sequence of an automatic cycle

48. 1.2.3 Starting • Where machinery has several starting controls and the operators can therefore put each other in danger: • additional devices must be fitted to rule out such risks • e.g. enabling devices or selectors allowing only one part of the starting mechanism to be actuated at any one time • It must be possible for automated plant functioning in automatic mode to be restarted easily after a stoppage once the safety conditions have been fulfilled

49. 1.2.4 Stopping • Stopping • each machine must be fitted with control that will bring it safely to a stop • each workstation must be fitted with a control to stop some or all machine functions • once the machinery or dangerous parts have stopped, energy supply to actuators must be cut off

50. 1.2.4 Emergency Stop • Machine must be fitted with one or more E-stop devices, except: • if E-stop device would not lessen danger • hand-held portable, & hand-guided machines • Emergency Stop device must: • be clearly identified & easily accessed • stop the dangerous process ASAP, without creating additional hazards • where necessary, initiate safeguard movements