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Stimulants

Stimulants. By: Ama Kwarteng . Stimulants. Drugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals which tell the nervous system to stimulate the speed at which information is transmitted between neurons) Physiological Effects -increases heart rate -increases blood pressure

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Stimulants

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  1. Stimulants By: Ama Kwarteng

  2. Stimulants • Drugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals which tell the nervous system to stimulate the speed at which information is transmitted between neurons) • Physiological Effects -increases heart rate -increases blood pressure -increases wakefulness/restlessness -decreases appetite -increases concentration

  3. Short Term Effects -emotional instability -hallucinations

  4. Amphetamines & Adrenaline • Amphetamines are a class of drugs with similar effects to that of adrenaline • Both increase mental awareness and physical energy (“fight or flight”) • Sympathomimetic Drugs -mimic the effects of the hormone adrenaline & mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system -constrict the arteries -increase sweat production & speed up heart rate -nicotine, meth, ecstasy, amphetamine

  5. Sympathomimetic drugs and adrenaline both a contain phenylethylamine structure (an arene or benzene ring linked to 2 carbon atoms attached to an amine group)

  6. Tobacco & Nicotine • Stimulant responsible for addiction to tobacco is nicotine • Short Term Effects of Smoking Tobacco -increases heart rate & blood pressure -constricts blood vessels -reduces urine output - puts more stress on the heart since it’s forced to pump blood harder than normal

  7. Long Term Effects of Smoking Tobacco -increases risk of heart disease & cancer -increases the risk for formation of blood clots - may produce excess acidity in the stomach, increasing the risk of peptic ulcers • Short term physical effects of nicotine consumption -yellow stained fingers & teeth -bad breath • Long Term Effects of nicotine consumption -development of tolerance/risk of dependence

  8. Caffeine vs. Nicotine • Amine groups in caffeine are tertiary • Effects of consuming caffeine in large amounts -can cause sleepiness -stimulates the kidneys (increases the flow of urine) • Aqueous solution of nicotine is a weak base because of the two nitrogens it has, which often display basic tendencies

  9. SimilaritiesBoth contain a tertiary amine group. • Both contain and five member rings made of carbon and nitrogen atoms. • Both contain a six member ring made of carbon and nitrogen • DifferencesCaffeine contains two amide groups, nicotine does not. • Both contain an alkene (C=C) group. Caffeine has one and nicotine has two • In caffeine the six and five member rings are fused while in nicotine they separated. • Caffeine contains two carbonyl (C=O)groups and two amide (-N-C=O) groups

  10. HOPE YOU ENJOYED THE SHOW!! THE END

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