Add to SLM:

1. Add to SLM: • Concept #1: After the French & Indian War… (8.2.1-8.2.2) • Vocabulary: • Sugar Act • Vice Admiralty Court • Stamp Act • EQ: In what ways did Britain try to control the coloniesfollowing the French and Indian War? • Sons of Liberty • Effigy • Boycott

2. Take out a sheet of notebook paper and label it: ROAD TO REVOLUTION notes EQ: In what ways did Britain try to control the colonies following the French and Indian War?

3. What is this called? Before the French and Indian War • Britain pretty much ignored the colonies so… • Colonies did as they pleased • Governed themselves • Managed their own affairs After • Britain needed money • War left Britain 140 million pounds in debt with new territories to govern which cost even more money!! Britain decides the $ should come from the colonies – why did this seem logical?

4. The Relationship Changes between the colonies & the mother country Remember the Enumerated List! • British start enforcing mercantilist policies • Mercantilism – colonies exist only to benefit the “Mother Country” No more salutary neglect!

5. From what??? Great Britain has to pay off a staggering debt, so… • attempted to re-organize the colonies • recover some of the debt from the colonies through taxes Colonists believed: It was the right of their colonial assemblies to impose taxes, not the prerogative of the King or Parliament

6. Sugar Act of 1764 British needed money to pay war debt and pay for “standing army” • Tax on molasses and sugar (three-penny-tax) • Also placed a tax on wine and coffee • Designed to raise money • Indirect Tax (paid by merchants)

7. Sugar Act of 1764 (continued) Colonists had been illegally getting sugar from French West Indies (French colonies in the Caribbean) and the British wanted this stopped • Set up Vice Admiralty Courts to prosecute smugglers - • Judges appointed by British Government determined guilt or innocence. – NO JURIES!! • Guilty Verdict was very likely since judges received 5% of the seized cargo if found guilty. WAIT A MINUTE… We are Englishmen and have the right to a trial by a jury of their peers (a jury made up of colonists). (established in the Magna Carta & English Common Law)

9. Quartering Act of 1765 • 10,000 British Troops permanently stationed in colonies • British officials insisted it was to protect colonies Spanish and French were no longer threats • Colonist Position: • We can manage Native Americans • British army is just an obstacle FROM WHAT??? Prevent from settling new land (ORV) – and a threat to colonists liberty!!

10. Stamp Act of 1765 • Upset colonists in ALL colonies • Placed tax or “duty” on paper – (Required a stamp be purchased for all printed materials) • legal documents • wills, contracts, licenses, shipping papers • newspapers, • pamphlets. Implemented to support British soldiers in the colonies • First Direct tax (paid directly by colonists)

11. British Position Parliament (elected in Britain) represented entire empire Colonial Position Had basic British right to only be taxed by people you elect (own colonial assembly) No representatives for colonies in Parliament (no voice) so… Why were the colonists “upset”?

12. Sons of Liberty – threats & violence to discourage public officials from collecting stamp tax Colonial Response http://www.davidwebbfowler.com/2011/09/sons-of-liberty-assault-bonfires-shop.html Colonists burned effigies of tax collectors & destroyed British property. revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com

13. Wealthy merchant from CharlesTown • One of first to speak out against British policy of taxation • Delegate to Stamp Act Congress • One of founders of Charles Town’s Sons of Liberty • Stamp Act Congress - Delegates from 9 colonies met in New York SC sends – Christopher Gadsden

14. Stamp Act Congress – • Asked Parliament to repeal (abolish) the act. • Enacted a Non-importation Agreement (boycott) – colonists would not buy goods from Great Britain until the Stamp Act was repealed.

15. Support Stamp Act Congress enforce boycotts through persuasion/intimidation Sons of Liberty allposters.com http://www.davidwebbfowler.com/2011/09/sons-of-liberty-assault-bonfires-shop.html

16. Daughters of Liberty – support boycott through alternative products and spinning bees

17. Parliament repealed Stamp Act Why do you think they repealed it?

18. Declaratory Act 1766 • Parliament has full power and authority to make laws for colonies in all cases whatsoever This meant that even though the Stamp Act was repealed, the colonists should remember that Great Britain had the right to tax them. • Colonial Response Colonists hardly noticed the Declaratory Act. They were so excited that Parliament had repealed the hated Stamp Act. Charles Town held parades and candles lit every window!!

19. ( Stamp act insert

20. Why is having a voice in government so important?

21. End of Lesson 1 Lesson 2 begins with slide 21

22. Add to SLM: • Concept #2 – Increasing Tensions • Vocabulary: • Townshend Act • Tea Act • Intolerable Acts • EQ: What issues caused the colonists to grow more discontented with British rule? (8.2.2) • Quartering Act

23. Townshend Act of 1767 Duty? • Tax (duty) on imported goods people used everyday, not luxury items: • paper, paint, glass, and tea • Purpose was to raise money to pay the salaries of colonial governors and other colonial costs (This would take away colonial assembly’s “power of the purse”) This was seen as “unfair”– not designed to regulate trade but designed to collect revenue Power of the Purse? Revenue? $$$$$$$$

24. Worked last time so let’s do that again… Colonial Response: • Boycott of British goods • Sons of Liberty – continue activities • Daughters of Liberty – continue activities Colonies united in opposition to Townshend Acts “bigger and badder” More impact this way

25. Boston M a s s a c r e Read play on Boston Massacre

26. Following the Boston Massacre • Parliament repealed all taxes under the Townshend Act except the one on tea • Most colonists drank smuggled Dutch tea anyway This was to make the colonists realize that Britain still had power to tax them and because Britain still had a huge debt.

28. NOT a tax on tea Tea Act of 1773 • Parliament gave British East India Company monopoly on the tea trade The only part of the Townshend Act left was the tax on tea and people were still boycotting British tea because of it BUT

29. How? Br tea (sold by the BEI Co.) was cheaper (even w/tax) than smuggled Dutch tea Br gov’t wants Br tea bought for the good of a Br company If people buy the Br tea because it is cheaper then the boycott would be broken What is that called? mercantilism

30. In this cartoon, sympathetic to the American cause, Prime Minister Lord North pours tea down the throat of America (portrayed as a woman).

31. Sons of Liberty SOL Response to Tea Act • Because the SOL feared availability of cheap tea would threaten effectiveness of the boycott - and they wanted the boycott to work… • in Boston • dumped 342 chest of tea in harbor - $90,000 Today’s value = $2, 650,000

32. boston-tea-party.org

33. SOL in Charles Town This happens in Georgetown too… Called the Charles Town “Tea Party” 257 chests of tea arrive on HMS London • Governor Bull stored tea (so can’t be destroyed) • Later (after the last royal governor flees) SC sells tea to finance war Boston throws it in the harbor, SC uses it to help fight the war

35. Intolerable Acts of 1774also called Coercive ActsDo you think this is what they were called in Britain? Punishment for Boston Tea Party - designed to force Boston to pay for tea – make example • Shut down Boston Harbor until paid • Quartering Act – British soldiers quartered (assigned to live) on private property Why would this make folks unhappy?

37. In this English satire, inspired by the Intolerable Acts, Bostonians have been imprisoned on their own Liberty Tree.

39. Assistance to Boston Parliament thought other colonies would abandon Massachusetts • Other colonies did help: • Virginia Patrick Henry gave a speech in support “…Give me liberty, or give me death.” South Carolina was last to hear Boston harbor closed but first to send supplies (sent rice) SC sent more food and money than any other colony.

40. What now??? End of Lesson 2. Lesson 3 begins with slide 41

41. Add to SLM • Concept #3: Government • Vocabulary: • Committee of 99 • Continental Congress • Continental Association • EQ: How did SC contribute to the establishment of independence and state government? (8.2.2)

42. In SC representatives from across the colony met in Charles Town at a General Meeting • Established Committee of 99 to govern the colony for now • 15 merchants • 15 craftsmen • 69 planters the royal governor was still in Charles Town but most folks obeyed the Committee of 99 • Elected delegates to the Continental Congress de facto government not de jure government

43. Continental Congress(now known as the First Continental Congress) Philadelphia Sept. 1774

44. What happened at the First Continental Congress? • SC Delegate Henry Middleton – was elected President of the Continental Congress • Established the Continental Association a non-importation & non-exportation agreement • We trade with each other, not w/Britain • Rice exempted (SC got an exception for rice claiming it was essential to the survival of the colony)

46. STOP!!

47. Back in SC… • General Meeting called to elect delegates to a Provincial Congress • to replace Committee of 99 with a more official organization • The Provincial Congress had more delegates (representatives) from the lowcountry than from the backcountry • The Provincial Congress • raised a militia • issued currency • committee to enforce non-importation • commissioned the writing of a new state constitution • Not everyone liked these decisions – especially backcountry folks! Surprise?

48. Provincial Congress • Sent a delegation to the backcountry in an attempt to make peace • Treaty of Ninety Six Backcountry will remain neutral if there is a fight with Great Britain

49. SC adopted its first constitution If we aren’t a royal colony – what will our government look like???? • Written by the Provincial Congress • To be used until the “disagreements” with Great Britain resolved

50. SC’s 1st Constitution Constitution included: Two house legislature lower house elected by the people upper house elected by the lower house The president (no longer called a governor) elected by the legislature had right to “veto” laws The lowcountry had more representation in the new government than did the backcountry Surprise?