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Sustainable livelihoods in Milne Bay: Eco-tourism versus logging

Sustainable livelihoods in Milne Bay: Eco-tourism versus logging. James Butler, Erin Bohensky CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems. Enhanced capacity to reduce threats. Develop viable linked enterprise. Enhanced value of biodiversity. Protected biodiversity.

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Sustainable livelihoods in Milne Bay: Eco-tourism versus logging

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  1. Sustainable livelihoods in Milne Bay: Eco-tourism versus logging James Butler, Erin BohenskyCSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems

  2. Enhanced capacity to reduce threats Develop viable linked enterprise Enhanced value of biodiversity Protected biodiversity The Holy Grail: livelihoods from conservation • Livelihoods strategies which alleviate poverty and conserve high value biodiversity • Livelihoods-biodiversity linkage model for conservation (Salafsky & Wollenberg, 2000) • Link economic activity to biodiversity protection • Eco-tourism provides stronger linkages than consumptive uses

  3. Reachability + + Density New approaches to measuring ‘success’ • Resilience and linked social-ecological systems (Berkes, 2007) • Social-ecological networks (Janssen et al., 2006)

  4. Milne Bay, PNG

  5. The logging story • 2001 Sewa Bay Timbers, foreign-owned company • 10 km2 selective logging of hardwood on one clan area • Skilled labour and royalties offered to 9 village men • After 12 months supervisor hospitalised • Enterprise disintegrated in acrimony • K80,000 export timber sale, no royalties paid

  6. The eco-tourism story • 2004 village guesthouse established at Saidowai • Network of village stays and tourism activities • Locally-owned • Fees paid to villages for diving, Bird of Paradise guided walks • 31 visitors in 2008

  7. Sewa Bay

  8. Cash income (2007 prices)

  9. East Cape Mission Popondetta Raba Raba Magetuwa Sibonai Mission Station Sibwatoleya Taumidimidi Saidowai Samowau Leiwoya Imwaulesina Posiyai Island Niudadi Oilage Kasawedobu Welala Wakuyuyuna Natural capital Coral reefs Bird of Paradise Logging forest Dive fees Church donation Food Skilled logging labour Ecosystem service Guest house Ferry Guide Mainland village Sewa Bay village Key

  10. Conclusions • Eco-tourism provided greater cash benefits • Higher density and reachability • Logging incited local friction • Eco-tourism builds social capital • Eco-tourism creates more biodiversity linkages • Eco-tourism based on wide range of un-skilled labour BUT DID NOT CONSIDER • Ecological costs/benefits • Feedback loops to natural capital • Cross-scale networks beyond villages • System dynamics over time

  11. Future scenarios for eco-tourism in Milne Bay Climate crisis • Escape to E(s)cape • Migration to mainland • Ecotourism marginalised as focus shifts to law and order • - Revival of traditional sailing canoes • Down but not Out • High awareness, “crisis” stimulates action • - Need to rebuild infrastructure allows a rethink of technology adoption Technology available Technology unavailable • Kula Connections • Time to prepare for climate impacts • Traditional Kula ring reinvented as modern information network • - Risk of losing cultural uniqueness • Save our Forests • Activity shifts from coastal to inland areas • Grassroots environmental activism and education • Traditional gardens promoted • Planting trees for carbon Gradual climate change CSIRO Sustainable Regional Development

  12. THANK YOU

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