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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Focus Question 1: What is the structure of Canada’s federal political system??. Chapter 1: How effectively does Canada’s federal political system govern Canada?. ∙Government makes the news everyday, because its decisions affect the quality of life of Canadians.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Focus Question 1: What is the structure of Canada’s federal political system??

  2. Chapter 1:How effectively does Canada’s federal political system govern Canada? ∙Government makes the news everyday, because its decisions affect the quality of life of Canadians. ∙This chapter explores governance in Canada: * governance is the processes and structures that guide how Canada’s government goes about governing.

  3. What is the structure of Canada’s federal political system? Canada’s Constitution Canada’s constitution is the law that describes governance in Canada. It sets out the role of the governor general and the different roles of the 3 levels of government. It also sets out other important institutions in Canada, such as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

  4. Monarch of Britian Represented in Canada by the governor general. Britain’s queen is the formal head of state in Canada, but does not play an active role. The governor general represents the monarch, and is part of both the executive and legislative branches of government.

  5. Federal Political System The Executive Branch *Proposes most laws *Puts laws into action *runs the day-to-day business of government The cabinet Prime Minister The Legislative Branch *makes laws *represents the interests and rights of Canada’s regions Senate House of Commons The Judicial Branch *applies and interprets laws The Supreme Court The Provincial/ Territorial Courts

  6. Executive Branch(Prime Minister and Cabinet) **The part of the government responsible for putting laws into action. The Executive Branch includes the PM and the Cabinet The PM is the head of Canada’s government. You must be elected as the leader of a political party, then elected as a member of parliament, and the party must win the most seats in the House of Commons. The cabinet includes people with responsibility for different government departments: health, finance, environment, etc. They belong to the leading political party and are MPs or Senators. Members of the cabinet are called Cabinet Ministers The PM chooses the cabinet ministers. The cabinet proposes most of the ideas that become laws. The PM and cabinet run the day to day business of the government. POLITICAL PARTY: is a group of people who have similar ideas about how government should respond to issues facing society. Political parties are recognized as organizations. Each party develops policies based on the shared values of its members to respond to issues.

  7. Legislative Branch The legislative branch includes the House of Commons, the Senate and the governor general. It is also called Canada’s Parliament. **The part of the government that makes laws.

  8. The House of Commons It is the major law-making body in Canada’s federal political system The members of the HofC debate, study, and vote on laws proposed in Canada, called bills. Members of Parliament, MPs, are the members of the HofC. Voters elect them. Each MP represents the voters of one riding or district. Most MPs belong to political parties. The party with the most MPs usually forms the government. The other parties form the opposition. Representation in the HofC is by population...the more people in your province, the more MPs. All proceedings are in both French and English.

  9. MPs • MPs have 2 responsibilities: • To represent their constituents • To create legislation for the peace, order and good government of all Canadians. • How are MPs elected: • a. To become elected, a candidate must win the most votes, but not necessarily more than 50% of the votes. POPULAR VOTE: the total votes cast in an election, as different from the total seats won in an election.

  10. The Senate The members of Canada’s Senate are called senators. Senators are NOT elected. The PM appoints them. They can remain in office until they are 75 years old. Senators represent the interests and rights of Canada’s regions, and Canada’s minorities. Senators are appointed by regions. All proceedings in the Senate are in both French and English. The Senate can propose laws, but usually only considers bills after they have passed first by the HofC. They usually provide a “second thought” or opinion to proposed bills. They cannot propose laws that create or spend taxes. A bill cannot be law until both the HofC and the Senate pass it. The senate has the power to reject bills from the HofC, but rarely uses this power.

  11. Judicial Branch Includes Canada’s court of laws. All members of the judicial branch come from the legal profession. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada. It has the final word on all legal questions in the country. It has the responsibility for making sure the rights of Canadians are respected. These people are not politicians...they are judges. They interpret and apply the law. **the part of the government that interprets and applies the law by making legal judgements.

  12. Persuasive Communication State your idea Know your audience Support your idea with evidence Choose formats that fit your audience Organize your points

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