Welcome to Unit Two AP-362 Kaplan University

1. Welcome to Unit Two AP-362 Kaplan University Introduction to Astrophysics

2. Wrong slide???

3. What’s Due This Week? • This week (Unit), you will be completing the following assignments: • The Unit #2 Discussion Board • The Unit #2 Quiz • The Unit #2 Live Seminar or the 300-word Alternate Essay Assignment

4. Unit Two- CJ101The Crime Picture

5. Grading Tips for the Live Seminars • Arrive BEFORE the scheduled start time (5 minutes?) • Stay on topic • Avoid side conversations • Participate (post) regularly during the hour • Avoid posts such as “I agree”, “Good point”, “Nice answer”, etc.

6. Grading Tips for the Live Seminars • Make good posts: “ I believe the 4th Amendment is the most important because it protects use against unreasonable searches”. • Don’t log out of the seminar early • While I may not be able to respond to each comment posted, I do review the seminar log when evaluating your level or participation for your grade.

7. Just in case! • Each Unit/Week begins on Wednesday and ends the following Tuesday @ 12:00 midnight, ET. • I have until the following Sunday to enter your grades into the Gradebook (I try to post them sooner) • You can NEVER make up a missed quiz!

8. Each Unit has a Discussion Board Question • Must post a 100 word answer to that question as early in the week as possible. • Must post at least two additional100-word quality reply to other students by Tuesday, midnight, ET • Spelling, punctuation, and grammar do count

9. Alternate Seminar Essays • For students that missed the Thursday evening Seminar, you can still make up the lost points by completing the 300-word alternate seminar essay assignment. The essay should be a summary of the unit topic, and you can review the archived file in the KHE Seminar window. • To access the Seminar Archive….

10. Select “Enter KHE Seminar” from the remote window the appears when you first enter the Kaplan website.

11. Select the correct date for the missed Seminar (listed by Year/Month/Day) by clicking on it with your mouse. Click on the “Load Class” button and the seminar will load and play for your review.

12. Terminology • Violent Crime • Crimes against people that are violent in nature • Property Crime • Crimes committed against property • Clearance Rates • Number of crimes reported versus number of crimes solved

13. Crime Statistics • Provide an overview of crime in this country • Decision makers use crime statistics to • Evaluate existing programs • Plan new legislation • Design new programs • Determine needs

14. Sources of Crime Statistics • Uniform Crime Report (UCR) * Crimes reported to police • National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) * Crimes reported by victims

15. Uniform Crime Report • Since 1930, FBI has been compiling statistics on crimes known to police • Police departments (about 16,000) voluntarily submit data • FBI puts data into the Crime Index

16. What is the Crime Index? • Measures Part 1 offenses of the UCR • Gives crime rate number and comparisons for regions, dates, crimes

17. Part 1 Offences (8) • Murder The unlawful killing of another human being. ● Least likely of the part 1 crimes ● Most likely to be cleared

18. Part 1 Offences (8) • Forcible Rape Sexual relations with another by force and/or without consent ● Least reported of all crimes ● Under UCR, only includes rapes of females Rape is broken down into a variety of categories (sexual battery, statutory rape, date rape)

19. Part 1 Offenses (8) • Robbery The unlawful taking or attempted taking of the property of another in the presence of the victim with the use of threat or force

20. Part 1 Offenses (8) • Aggravated Assault The unlawful, intentional inflicting or attempting to inflict serious bodily harm or injury of another ● Assaults broken down into 2 categories Simple Aggravated

21. Part 1 Offenses (8) • Theft/Larceny The unlawful taking or attempting to take the property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the other ● often not reported because loses are small ● includes trains, planes, boats, most farm equipment

22. Part 1 Offenses (8) • Motor Vehicle Theft The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle ● motor vehicle is anything that is a self propelled road vehicle that runs on land surface and not on rails ● high reporting rates/low clearance rates

23. Part 1 Offenses (8) • Burglary The unlawful entry of a dwelling to commit a felony or theft

24. Part 1 Offenses (8) • Arson Malicious, intentional burning of a structure. ●damage must occur

25. Property v. Person Property Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Burglary Arson Person Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault

26. Part II Offenses • All crimes except Part 1 crimes and traffic offenses • Less serious crimes • Fraud • Vandalism • DUI • Gambling

27. The New UCR • To enhance the quantity, quality and timeline of crime data collection the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is being created • Will look at every single crime that is committed

28. The New UCR • Advantages • Looks at all crimes • More accurate • Differentiates between attempt and commission of a crime • Collect weapon information • Restructures assault and rape

29. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) • Began in 1972 to discover the “dark figure of crime” • Based on victims self reporting crimes • Gathered by the US Bureau of Justice Statistics • Include 6 Part 1 crimes (not arson or murder)

30. UCR v. NCVSHow are they the same Both provide crime estimates Both limit types of crimes Both limit how they collect info

31. UCR v. NCVSHow are they different • NCVS crimes are reported by victims. May not have been reported to police • NCVS looks at household crimes (total crimes per household, not person) • NCVS polls more people

32. Crime typology • Classification of crimes along a particular dimension • Legal categories • Offender motivation • Victim/offender characteristics

33. Crimes against women • Crimes in which a women is the victim • Crimes committed specifically targets women • Usually crimes of violence • Rape • Domestic abuse • Stalking

34. Crimes against elderly • Crimes committed against elderly people • Victim and offender usually strangers • Both property and violent crimes • Abuse/neglect by caregivers/family • Often victims of theft/fraud schemes

35. Hate Crimes • Crimes which there is evidence of prejudice bases on race, color, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion • Hate crimes are punished more severely

36. Corporate & White Collar Crimes • Corporate • Violation of statute by a corporate identity (those acting on behalf of a corporation) • “crime in the suits” • Usually non-violent • White Collar Crimes • Unlawful activity of members of highly organized group • Usually they supply illegal goods and services

37. Gun Crime • The 2nd Amendment provides the Constitutional right to bear arms • Approximately 1 million serious crimes committed a year involve the use of handguns • Public concern has lead to creation of new laws regarding firearms • The Brady Handgun Bill (1994)

38. Drug Crime • Drugs and Crime • Drug crimes not accounted for by UCR or NCVS • Over ½ of inmates admit to being under the influence of drugs/alcohol when they committed their offense • Using drugs/alcohol leads to other crimes

39. High Technology and Computer Crime • Computer Crime • Any crime perpetrated through the use of a computer • Software piracy • Unauthorized duplication of software and other data • Computer virus • A computer program designed to secretly invade other systems and alter the information/how they operate

40. Terrorism • No single definition • In general, defined as: • a violent act or an act dangerous to human life committed in violation of criminal laws to intimidate to coerce a government or civilian population

41. The Cost of Crime • Crime costs individuals about $17.6 billion dollars a year • That doesn’t include time lost from work, medical expenses • Commercial costs about $1.2 billion dollars a year • State, local and federal expenditures total over $147 billion (investigation-prosecution)

42. Classifications of Crime • Define Felony crimes…..

43. Classifications of Crime • Define Felony crimes….. A felony crime is any crime that carries, upon conviction, a prison sentence of more than 1 year, and/or a fine that is equal to or exceeds $5,000.00

44. Classifications of Crime • Define Misdemeanor crimes…..

45. Classifications of Crime • Define Misdemeanor crimes….. A Misdemeanor crime is any crime that carries, upon conviction, a jail sentence of less then 1 year, and/or a fine that is equal to or less than $1,000.00