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WEAPON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

WEAPON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INDICATORS. 24 Feb 2004 Roy E. Rice, Ph.D., P.E. Chief Scientist, Teledyne Brown Engineering. AGENDA. General Concerns Context for Metrics Definitions/equations Strengths and Weaknesses Candidate Metrics Fighter Aircraft Metrics to cover full spectrum

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WEAPON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

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  1. WEAPON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 24 Feb 2004 Roy E. Rice, Ph.D., P.E. Chief Scientist, Teledyne Brown Engineering

  2. AGENDA • General Concerns • Context for Metrics • Definitions/equations • Strengths and Weaknesses • Candidate Metrics • Fighter Aircraft • Metrics to cover full spectrum • Readiness/Availability • Linkages of the Metrics • Summary

  3. CONTEXT FOR METRICS • Metrics derived from Strategy-to-Task decomposition • Wartime vs. Peacetime Metrics • Metrics to Influence Design • Parsimony of Metrics • Mostly Aircraft related Metrics

  4. FIGHTER AIRCRAFTMETRICS Sortie Generation Rate (SGR) – measures optempo Logistics Footprint (LF) – measures how much “stuff” is required to support wartime operations Mission Reliability (MR) – measures effectiveness of mission • It doesn’t break very often, • When it does break, we can fix it quickly • We don’t have to take a lot of stuff with us to accomplish this

  5. DEFINITIONS Sortie Generation Rate (SGR) - The number of sorties flown per aircraft per day for the entire number of Primary Authorized Aircraft (PAA). It is defined as Total Sorties per day divided by PAA. Function of: sortie schedule (series of ATOs), operational flying window, deck cycle (shipboard), aircraft turn around times, mission reconfigurations, taxi and towing task times, supply support, reliability, maintainability, adequacy of support equipment inventories, adequacy of maintenance training, quality control, and maintenance management. It’s scenario dependent. SGR is a wartime measure of the supportability and the operational usage of a unit (squadron) of aircraft.

  6. DEFINITIONS Mission Reliability (MR) - Probability of completing entire sortie without failure of any Mission Essential Function - assumes aircraft was MC at start of sortie. Function of: sortie duration and mean-flying-hours-between-operational-mission-failure (MFHBOMF). Not a function of supportability of the aircraft. MR is a “snapshot” measure…only of Reliability of a single mission.

  7. DEFINITIONS Logistics Footprint (LF) –e.g., “spares, support equipment, advance-party personnel, etc. to support a 30-day self sustained deployment at specified/required sortie rates… exclusive of POL and ordnance.” Must specify groundrules about what is included and what is not included in the LF; e.g., Tanks-racks, pylons (TRAP), bomb-builders, fuel trucks, etc. LF is a measure of how deployable and supportable a weapon system is.

  8. READINESS/AVAILABILITYMETRICS • Inherent Availability (Ai) • Operational Availability (Ao) • Operational Readiness (O.R.) • Mission Capable (MC) Availability Readiness UPTIME DOWNTIME

  9. AVAILABILITY Time Horizon Available Idle time Operating time Operating time Operating time Operating time System status Time Admin time Unavailable Admin and logistics delay time Active repair time Turnaround time Turnaround time Turnaround time Down time

  10. INHERENT AVAILABILITY (Ai) Inherent Availability, Ai, addresses only those features that can be designed into a system. Thus, Ai is generally defined as Ai = ________Operating time__________ Operating time + Active repair time Ai = _________MTBF_________ MTBF + MTTR

  11. OPERATIONAL AVAILABILITY (AO) However, (Ai) does not account for “operational realism.” Often, there are maintenance delays due to waiting on resources. These resources may be spare parts, support equipment, technical data, test equipment, or personnel. These “delay” times, as shown below the time line in the above figure, are thus included into Operational Availability, Ao, in the following equation: Ao = _________MTBF_________ MTBF + MTTR + MLDT + TAT where MLDT is “mean logistics delay time” which is all that other time below the line that consumes time and must be accomplished to return the aircraft to the “available” state. TAT is aircraft turnaround time.

  12. OPERATIONAL READINESS (O.R.) Finally, once the aircraft is repaired, it may not be immediately placed in an operating state (may not fly immediately…it may sit in a hangar until sunrise). It is in an “available” state but just not being used. So, to account for this, the term Operational Readiness (O.R.) is used to express the “readiness” state of the aircraft. O.R. is defined as O.R. = ________MTBF + Mean Idle Time_______ MTBF + MTTR + MLDT +TAT + Mean Idle Time  O.R. is now clearly seen as the portion of the total time line that the aircraft is above the line or in an “available” state.

  13. DEFINITIONS Mission Capable Rate (MC Rate ) - Percentage of time within a particular reporting period in which the aircraft can accomplish at least one of its assigned missions as designated in the Mission /Minimum Essential Subsystems Listings ( MMESL). ( Readiness ) MC Rate = FMC + PMCS + PMCM Function of: flying hours over that reporting period, supply support, reliability, maintainability, adequacy of support equipment inventories, adequacy of maintenance training, quality control, and maintenance management. MC Rate is a dynamic measure of the readiness of unit or fleet of aircraft. Usually a Peacetime measure. Doesn’t drive design of the aircraft.

  14. BASIC EQUATION MC = 1 - UTE [1/Ao - 1] MC = Mission Capable Rate UTE = Utilization Rate of the aircraft (FH/possessed hours) = [SGR * ASD] / 24 Ao = Operational Availability = MTBF / [ MTBF + MTTR + MLDT + TAT] 0  UTE  Ao  MC  1.0

  15. EXAMPLE 1 (notional) MC = 1 - UTE [1/Ao - 1] Say the Aircraft X and Aircraft Y have an Ao = .7 The Aircraft X has an SGR = 3.0 and ASD = 2, Aircraft Y has SGR = 2.0 and ASD = 1.5 Then MC(a/c X) = 0.893, MC(a/c Y) = 0.946 *** Both aircraft have same Ao, but higher tempo of Aircraft Xmeans a lower MC rate.

  16. EXAMPLE 2 (notional) MC = 1 - UTE [1/Ao - 1] Say the Aircraft X has an Ao = 0.8 and Aircraft Y has an Ao = 0.75 Aircraft X has an SGR = 3.0 and ASD = 2, Aircraft Y has SGR = 2.0 and ASD = 1.5 Then MC(a/c X) = 0.938, MC(a/c Y) = 0.958 *** Aircraft Xhas greater Ao, but higher tempo of Aircraft Xmeans a lower MC rate.

  17. DISCUSSIONS ON COMPARISONS • To compare MC rates on different aircraft is risky • Driven by tempo (UTE) • Holding tempo (UTE) constant for both aircraft is not realistic…PLUS, this just reduces to comparing Ao • MC is a function of too many variables • To compare Ao is also dangerous • The many users (across services) rejected using Ao as a measure of readiness/availability because it doesn’t reflect tempo • Better measure is a combination of measures (KPPs) • We should encourage a comparison based on basic measures - Reliability, maintainability, MMH/FH

  18. ASD=2.5 MCMTCF=3.0 MFHBOMF MFHBCF 45 20 ASD=2.0 =2.0 =1.0 =0.5 40 17.8 ASD=1.5 ASD=1.0 35 15.5 30 13.3 SUPPORTABILITY (Assuming TAT = 0.5 hrs) 25 11 20 8.9 15 6.7 Mission Reliability 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Ai SGR - 12 hour day SGR - 16 hour day 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 MLDT=2.0 =1.0 =0.5 0.9 0.9 ASD=1.0 ASD=1.0 1.0 1.0 ASD=2.0 ASD=2.5 ASD=2.0 ASD=2.5 Ao Ao

  19. ASD=2.5 MFHBOMF 45 ASD=2.0 40 ASD=1.5 ASD=1.0 35 30 SUPPORTABILITY (Assuming TAT = 0.5 hrs) 25 20 15 Mission Reliability 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75

  20. ASD=2.5 MCMTCF=3.0 MFHBOMF MFHBCF 45 20 ASD=2.0 =2.0 =1.0 =0.5 40 17.8 ASD=1.5 ASD=1.0 35 15.5 30 13.3 SUPPORTABILITY (Assuming TAT = 0.5 hrs) 25 11 20 8.9 15 6.7 Mission Reliability 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Ai

  21. ASD=2.5 MCMTCF=3.0 MFHBOMF MFHBCF 45 20 ASD=2.0 =2.0 =1.0 =0.5 40 17.8 ASD=1.5 ASD=1.0 35 15.5 30 13.3 SUPPORTABILITY (Assuming TAT = 0.5 hrs) 25 11 20 8.9 15 6.7 Mission Reliability 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Ai 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 MLDT=2.0 =1.0 =0.5 0.9 1.0 Ao

  22. ASD=2.5 MCMTCF=3.0 MFHBOMF MFHBCF 45 20 ASD=2.0 =2.0 =1.0 =0.5 40 17.8 ASD=1.5 ASD=1.0 35 15.5 30 13.3 SUPPORTABILITY (Assuming TAT = 0.5 hrs) 25 11 20 8.9 15 6.7 Mission Reliability 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Ai SGR - 12 hour day SGR - 16 hour day 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 MLDT=2.0 =1.0 =0.5 0.9 0.9 ASD=1.0 ASD=1.0 1.0 1.0 ASD=2.0 ASD=2.5 ASD=2.0 ASD=2.5 Ao Ao

  23. ASD=2.5 MCMTCF=3.0 MFHBOMF MFHBCF 45 20 ASD=2.0 =2.0 =1.0 =0.5 40 17.8 ASD=1.5 ASD=1.0 35 15.5 30 13.3 SUPPORTABILITY (Assuming TAT = 0.5 hrs) 25 11 20 8.9 15 6.7 Mission Reliability 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Ai SGR - 12 hour day SGR - 16 hour day 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 MLDT=2.0 =1.0 =0.5 0.9 0.9 ASD=1.0 ASD=1.0 1.0 1.0 ASD=2.0 ASD=2.5 ASD=2.0 ASD=2.5 Ao Ao

  24. LINKAGE OF MEASURES Combat Operations Normal Operations Sortie Gen. Rate Logistics Footprint Mission Capable Rate O&S Cost Mission Reliability Mission Reliability TATCombat DMMSPA DMMSPA MFHBOMF MFHBOMF MFHBCF DMMH/FH MFHBR DMMH/FH MFHBR MCMTCF MFHBCF PFDPHM MFHBME MCMTCF PFIPHM PFDPHM MTTR MFHBME MFHBFAPHM PFIPHM MTTR MFHBFAPHM Operational Metric Logistics Factor Engineering Metric

  25. SUMMARY OF METRICS • SGR, MR, LF • Opstempo, mission effectiveness, easily supported • Wartime metrics • Ai, Ao, O.R., MC • Readiness vs. Availability • Peacetime metrics • Strengths/weakness

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