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Introduction: Ice Breaker

Introduction: Ice Breaker. Form a pair Introduce yourself Use three words to summarize yourself After taking turns, you will introduce your partner to the whole class. S519: Evaluation of Information Systems. Introduction. What is an Information System?.

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Introduction: Ice Breaker

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  1. Introduction: Ice Breaker • Form a pair • Introduce yourself • Use three words to summarize yourself • After taking turns, you will introduce your partner to the whole class.

  2. S519: Evaluation of Information Systems Introduction

  3. What is an Information System? • A set of hardware, software, data, procedural, and human components that work together to generate, collect, store, retrieve, process, analyze, and/or distribute information.– William S. Davis (1994). Business systems analysis and design. Wadsworth: Belmont, CA • An integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communicating information – Britannica • A system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization’s manual and automated processes. -- Wikipedia

  4. Why IS? • IS - our daily life • Business firms • Organizations • Schools • Individuals • We rely on IS: • Manage operations (process financial accounts) • Compete in the marketplace (automate information processing) • Supply services (governmental services to citizens) • Augment personal lives (study, shop, bank and invest)

  5. History • The first large-scale mechanized information system – Herman Hollerith’s census tabulator (to process the 1890 US Census)

  6. History • Left to right: The circuit-closing press ("card reader"); diagram of press; hand insertion of card into a sorter compartment that opened automatically based on the values punched into the card; tallying the day's results. "Each completed circuit caused an electromagnet to advance a counting dial by one number. The tabulator's 40 dials allowed the answers to several questions to be counted simultaneously. At the end of the day, the total on each dial was recorded by hand and the dial set back to zero

  7. History • UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) • one of the first computers used for information processing. • Used to process US Census in 1951

  8. History • Personal Computers (PC) • Available to small business and individuals in 1970s • Around 1Billion PC has been sold since mid-1970s

  9. History • The World Wide Web ("WWW" or simply the "Web") is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents that runs over the Internet. With a Web browser, a user views Web pages that may contain text, images, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. - wikipedia • The Web was created around 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. • As its inventor, Berners-Lee conceived the Web to be the Semantic Web where all its contents should be descriptively marked-up.

  10. WWW: Basic Ideas • Hypertext/hyperlink: • Resource Identifiers • unique identifiers used to locate a particular resource (computer file, document or other resource) on the network • URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)/URL (Uniform Resource Locator): http or ftp • http://somehost/absolute/URI/with/absolute/path/to/resource.txt • ftp://somehost/resource.txt • Markup language: • characters or codes embedded in text which indicate structure, semantic meaning, or advice on presentation

  11. WWW – Web 1.0

  12. The current (syntactic / structural) Web

  13. Was the Web meant to be more?

  14. Social Web – Web 2.0 • The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly: • http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 • “Web 2.0 … has … come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of architecture and application development for the World Wide Web.” • The Web where “ordinary” users can meet, collaborate, and share using social software applications on the Web (tagged content, social bookmarking, AJAX, etc.) • Popular examples include: • Bebo, del.icio.us, digg, Flickr, Google Maps, Skype, Technorati, orkut, 43 Things, Wikipedia…

  15. YouTube

  16. Features / principles of Web 2.0 • http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html • The Web as platform • Harnessing collective intelligence • Data is the next “Intel Inside” • End of the software release cycle • Lightweight programming models • Software above the level of a single device • Rich user experiences

  17. Semantic Web – Web 3.0 • Tim Berners-Lee has a vision of a Semantic Web which • has machine-understandable semantics of information, and • millions of small specialized reasoning services that provide support in automated task achievement based on the accessible information

  18. What is the Semantic Web? • “An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” • Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p • “…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…” with far-reaching consequences • “The next generation of the Web”

  19. Metadata and Semantics

  20. Semantic Web - Language tower

  21. What is Semantic Web for? • Searching - Providing better communication between human and computers by adding machine-processable semantics to data. • Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data and service integration

  22. From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0

  23. History • The invention of the Web in the early 1990s accelerated the creation of an open global computer network • This was acompanied by a dramatic growth in digital human communications (e-mail and e-conferences), delivery of products (software, music, videos) and business transactions (buying, selling, and advertisting) • IS has exerted a profound influence over society • The pace of daily activities • The structure of organizations • The types of products • The nature of work Information and knowledge have become vital economic resources

  24. Components of IS • Main components: • Computer hardware • Computer software • Databases • Telecommunication systems • Human resources • Procedures

  25. Computer hardware • PCs to Supercomputers • CPU (microprocessor) • Primary storage (RAM) • Motherboard • Hard disk • Monitor • Keyboard • mouse

  26. Computer Software • System software • Operating system • Application software • Windows software (word, office) • Games • Web services (specialized application software on a per-use basis over the Web)

  27. Databases • A database is a collection of interrelated data (records) so that individual records or groups of records can be retrieved that satisfy various criteria. • Employee records • Product catalogs

  28. Telecommunications • Used to connect and transmit information • LANs – Local area networks • WANs-- Wide area networks • Internet • Through networking, users can access to information resources (large databases or human resources)

  29. Telecommunications

  30. Human resources and procedures • Qualified people are a vital component of any information system • Technical people • Users • Hundreds of millions of people around the world are learning information systems as they use the web • Procedures for using, operating and maintaining an IS are part of its documentation. • Procedure on how to run a payroll system

  31. Types of IS • IS supports operations, knowledge work and management in organizations:

  32. Operational support • Transaction processing systems for product designing, marketing, producing and delivering • ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): supply-chain management, financial accounting, purchase order • E-commerce: online shopping, banking, trading, e-learning, e-entertainment

  33. Knowledge work support • Knowledge work: manipulating abstract information and knowledge • Professional support systems (computer-aided engineering, SPSS, MatLab) • Office information systems (email, fax, office processing tools) • Knowledge management systems (organization knowledge asset, reporting or documenting systems, expert system)

  34. Management support • To support the management of an organization • Management reporting systems • All levels of management • Short-term schedule, budget • Long-term schedule, financial plan • Decision support systems (model-driven, or data driven) • Executive information system • Strategic plan and decision

  35. IS security and control • Computer crime • Computer viruses, logic bombs, • Control and monitor

  36. Impacts of IS • IS and higher productivity • Ethical and social issues: individual privacy, property rights, universal access, free speech, information accuracy and quality of life • Digital division (eNations and eEthnic groups) • It remains for society to harness the power of information systems by strengthening legal, social, and technological controls

  37. Exercises • Form a group (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • Find one example of Information Systems • Present your IS in 5 power point slides • Introduction • Key features • Pros and cons • What could be potential points to evaluate • Any imagination from your side (critical thinking)

  38. Exercises • Examples • LibraryThing: www.librarything.com • Wikipedia • IU Oncourse • SLIS Website • Delicious • Facebook • eBay • Amazon • CiteSeer, Cannotea, CiteULike

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