President Washington 1789-1797

1. President Washington 1789-1797 8.5a - Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new Republic such as maintaining national security, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the central government. 8.5b & c - Summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation and the banking system 8.5e - Trace the foreign policies of Presidents Washington and explain the impact of Washington’s Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine.

2. Previously in history . . . • 1607 – The British establish Jamestown and begin colonizing the east coast

3. Previously in history . . . • For about 150 years, the British colonies grow. • People leave England for a variety of reasons: religious freedom, cheap land, new jobs and cash crops, etc. . .

4. Previously in history . . . • But after the French and Indian War, Britain becomes strapped for cash and decides to tax her colonies

5. Previously in history . . . • Angered by taxes that they feel are unfair, the colonists begin to protest and rebel. . .

6. Previously in history . . . • From 1775-1783, the Americans (with the help of the French) battle the British in the American Revolution. Independence was declared in 1776.

7. Previously in history . . . • With the British defeated, the Americans began their new nation under the Articles of Confederation, which was a major bust . . .

8. Previously in history . . . • In 1787, delegates met to write a new Constitution. After two years of debate, the new Constitution was ratified in 1789

9. The first presidential election • How is the president elected today? VS

10. The first presidential election • A group of electors, from each state, picked the first six presidents. • Washington was elected by a unanimous (100%) vote. • John Adams was the first vice president

11. How does this job work? • Washington had no precedent (example) to follow. • He had to figure out how he was going to manage the nation’s money, run the military, perform diplomacy and enforce the nation’s laws.

12. The Cabinet • Washington created the President’s cabinet (group of advisors) to oversee specific jobs of the president. • This way he could have experts in each particular area perform his duties with his supervision.

13. The Secretary of War (Defense) • Runs the nation’s military • Washington hired Henry Knox, a veteran general of the Revolution

14. The Secretary of the Treasury • Controls national spending and the banking system. • Washington chose another Revolution vet, and a rising young political star, Alexander Hamilton

15. The Secretary of State • The nation’s top diplomat, in charge of creating deals with other nations. • Washington chose a familiar face, and someone who was world renown, Thomas Jefferson.

16. Attorney General • Nation’s top lawyer, in charge of enforcing laws. • Washington hired Edmund Randolph

17. Things were not quite so simple • You would think that the first president’s cabinet would be a cooperative group, but Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed on many policies, and they hated each other. • Washington tended to listen to Hamilton, and Jefferson quit in disgust in 1793 Moron! Doodiehead!

18. Hamilton’s Economic System • Washington gave Hamilton free reign over all things money. • Hamilton was able to create a financial plan to build the new America Let’s make some money, people!!!

19. Hamilton’s Economic System • 1. Pay off the war debt • 2. Raise money by placing tariffs (taxes) on foreign goods. • 3. Create a powerful national bank.

20. The Whiskey Rebellion • Americans and taxes don’t mix, and Hamilton taxed whiskey. • Angry Pennsylvania citizens rebelled and refused to pay the new tax on whiskey.

21. Whiskey Rebellion • Washington sent in the military and ended the conflict quickly. • Unlike what happened during Shay’s rebellion, this proved that the new government had control.