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Chemistry

Learn about the different properties of matter, including extensive and intensive properties, as well as physical and chemical properties. Discover the various states of matter and understand how physical changes can be classified.

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry

  2. 2.1 Describing Matter • Properties can be classified as: • a. Physical: malleability, conductivity, density, color, odor, volume, mass, etc… • b. Chemical: flammability, reactivity.

  3. Describing Matter Physical Properties can be classified as: • a. Extensive: a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample • b. Intensive: a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample.

  4. Describing Matter • Properties Physical Chemical Intensive Extensive Flammability & Reactivity Color,Odor,Density Mass,Volume,Length

  5. 2.1 Describing Matter • Extensive Properties Examples • Mass • Volume • Weight • Length

  6. 2.1 Describing Matter • Intensive Properties Examples • Hardness • Color • Density • Boiling/Melting Point • Odor

  7. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Identifying Substances • Do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

  8. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.

  9. 2.1 Identifying Substances • This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

  10. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. • Examples: elements and compounds

  11. 2.1 Identifying Substances • A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. • Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

  12. 2.1 States of Matter • Three commonly discussed states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. • (others: Plasma, Bose Einstein Condensate)

  13. 2.1 States of Matter • Solids • A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

  14. 2.1 States of Matter • Liquid • A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

  15. 2.1 States of Matter • Gases • A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. • (indefinite shape and volume)

  16. 2.1 States of Matter • Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

  17. 2.1 Physical Changes • Physical Changes • How can physical changes be classified?

  18. 2.1 Physical Changes • During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. • As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

  19. 2.1 Physical Changes • Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible. • All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible (evaporation, condensation, etc...) • Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

  20. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 2.1.

  21. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? • temperature • color • mass • hardness

  22. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? • all properties of a substance • intensive properties • chemical properties • physical properties

  23. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: • (1) takes the volume and shape of its container • (2) has a definite shape and volume • (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape • (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas • (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid • (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

  24. END OF SHOW

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