Progress of Disaster Management Administration in Japan

2. Progress of Disaster Management Administration in Japan November 2005 by Satoru NISHIKAWA Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

3. Japan has wide variety of natural disasters Typhoons (July – October) Heavy Monsoon Rain (May – July) Floods Landslides Earthquakes Tsunamis Volcanic Eruptions Snow Avalanches

4. Japan is prone to earthquakes - 10% of whole earthquake energy in the world is released around Japan Most dreadful things historically in Japan 1. earthquakes, 2. lightning/thunder, 3. fire, 4. father JishinKaminariKaji Oyaji

5. Historical Records of Earthquakes ＆ Tsunami in JAPAN 416 August, Yamato-Kochi Earthquake The first written record of Earthquake in Japan within “Nihonshoki” the first official history book of Japan, edited in 8th century. • 684 November, by Hakuho-Nankai Tonankai Earthquake (Estimate Magnitude: 8.2-3) The first written record of EarthquakeTsunami in Japan within “NIHONSHOKI” the first official history book of Japan, edited in 8th century.

6. Traditional “UKIYOE” drawing after 1855 October Ansei-Edo Earthquake 1 Edo (Old name of Tokyo) citizens beating the legendary Catfish Monster which was believed to cause earthquake

7. Hazards Confronting Vulnerable Communities Cause Disasters Disasters Hazard (risk assessment) Vulnerability (societal conditions)

8. Less Disasters Disasters Hazard (risk assessment) Vulnerability (societal conditions)

9. The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake -The Japanese Experience - (persons) The number of casualties and the missing in natural disasters in Japan 6481 6062 5868 4897 Ise-wan Typhoon 1945 1950 1959 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 (year)

10. JAPAN’s Government System 3 Layers of Government National Government (Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet) 47 Prefectural Government (Governor is elected by the residents) Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 12.1 million Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million (Population data based on national census in 2000) 2,376 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government (Mayor is elected by the residents) (as of May 2005)

11. JAPAN 47 Prefectures Niigata Prefecture Hyogo Prefecture Metropolis of Tokyo

12. HYOGO Prefecture Hokudan Town, Awaji Island 88 Municipalities (22 Cities, 66 Towns) as of April 2003 KOBE City

13. Niigata Prefecture Nagaoka City 45 Municipalities (20 Cities, 17 Towns,8 Villages) as of May 2005 Ojiya City

14. The National Government The Prime Minister is the Head of the Cabinet and is the Chairman of the Central Disaster Management Council Cabinet Office Minister of State for Disaster Management Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

15. The Local Government (Hyogo Prefecture) All local government have their mayor (administrative office head) elected by their citizens and the legislative body elected by citizens

16. The Local Government (NｉigataPrefecture) All local government have their mayor (administrative office head) elected by their citizens and the legislative body elected by citizens

17. 1959 Ise-Wan Typhoon was the Epoch-Making Turning Point Response oriented approach to preventive approach Individual approach to comprehensive multi-sectoral approach Investment for disaster reduction

18. Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act 1961 Central Disaster Prevention Council chaired by the Prime Minister National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers & Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors Annual Gov’t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures to the National Diet Formulation of “National Basic Disaster Management Plan for Disaster Prevention” The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral) The Local Disaster Management Plan Designation of “Disaster Prevention Day” Public Awareness Programs

19. -Continued- Emphasis on Strong Link of Information Flow among Various Sectors • Stronger Coordination among various gov’t sectors & Red Cross • Involvement of Semi-Public Sectors Electric Companies, Railway Companies, Public Broadcasting etc. Investment for Disaster Prevention • Flood Control & Land Conservation Works • Forest Conservation • Meteorological ObservationMt. Fuji Rader Site, Meteo-Sats • Emergency Telecommunication Systems Great Success in decreasing Typhoon & Flood Casualties

20. Number of Death/Missing by Weather-related Disasters in Japan Ise-wan Typhoon

21. Efforts for Disaster Prevention Building nation and communities resilient to disasters • Improvement of Disaster Prevention Facilities - Observation equipment such as meteorological satellites, weather observation radar and seismometers - Systems for communicating emergency information such as telecommunications and broadcasting facilities etc. • National Land Conservation • - Soil conservation, River improvement, Construction of dams for flood control, • Soil erosion control, Landslide prevention, Coastline conservation, • Agricultural land and facilities disaster management etc. • Disaster Awareness & Knowledge, Disaster Management Drill • Local Voluntary Disaster Management Organizations and Volunteer Activities

22. Regional Planning • Social Infrastructure Works • Agriculture & Forestry • Health & Sanitation • Environment Scientific & Engineering Research Civil Protection & Relief National Coordinating Bodies Local Gov’ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs People

23. Basic Emergency Services in Japan Fire-Fighting & Ambulance Police Military Coast Guard

24. Basic Emergency Services in JapanI. Fire-Fighting & Ambulance Municipal (City, Town, Village) Fire Station Dial 119 • Voluntary Firefighters at Community Level • Weak Coordination at Prefecture Level • Overall Fire Defence Administration Policy by Fire Defence Agency, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications at National Level

25. Basic Emergency Services in JapanII. Police Major Police Station in Cities Strong Coordination by the National Police Agency Prefectural Police Dial 110

26. Basic Emergency Services in JapanIV. Coast Guard Japan Coast Guard belongs to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (only at National Level)

27. 1995Kobe Earthquake(17 Jan. 1995, Mag. 7.2 ) was the 2nd Epoch-Making Turning Point

28. Kobe Earthquake Direct loss : 5,520 Relevant loss : 913 6,433 deaths 80% immediately killed by building collapse surgeon general’s report Prevention & Mitigation Preparedness Public Awareness Disaster Manager’s Proper Action Ensure Building Safety !

29. Characteristics of Stricken Area Directly hit the Metropolitan area -Major Center for Government, Economic and Culture with 3.6million Capital of Prefecture -Local Governments (Prefecture, Cities) Headquarter were also heavily destroyed -Government Officials including Disaster Management Experts were also victims

30. Lesson 1Delay of First Response due to lack of information Damaged Headquarter Local Government Command initially paralyzed Destroyed almost all traffic system Telecommunication, even satellite telecommunication system were cut off due to power failure ⇒It took three days to grasp the entire picture of damage

31. Kobe Municipal Government Headquarter