Change Strategies

1. ChangeStrategies Ian Grigor

2. Aim of session To examine and to begin to understand how to apply strategies for effecting “Change”, in order to influence best practice in your work place

3. Objectives of session To explore, understand and apply the following strategies:- • Normative re-educative • Empirical rational • Power-coercive • To consider the circumstances for applying the above strategies • To plan assignment structures

4. Normative re-educative strategy • This applies when intellectual groups inherently require the need for satisfaction • The emphasis is on attitudes, values and sociocultural norms • Ideas for change come from within the organisation • Bottom-up (problem-solving) approach e.g.. To care delivery • Research-driven in healthcare (EBP)

5. Empirical rational strategy • People are guided by reason, especially self-interest i.e. if the list of potential options offers a degree of risk, people will choose the least risky option • The assumption is based on knowledgeable people leading the way e.g. smoking

6. Power coercive strategy • Based on political and/or economic sanctions • Drive for change is top-down • Assumes that subordinates will always comply with supraordinates’ commands • Easiest to implement in a hierarchical structure • Such changes may not last

7. The role of motivation All change strategies are based on motivation i.e. change is driven by the need for best practice, self-interest or fear

8. Based on practice… • How does team-centred change compare to advice-giving, in terms of strategies? • How would you go about influencing change in different groups e.g. professionals versus support staff? • How does poor levels of group-compliance relate to strategies for change

9. Poor compliance • Do you sense from the outset that some groups cannot/will not change their approaches? • What tends to be the mood of interactions with such groups? • How do you feel in these circumstances?

10. How do you approach this type of problem? It’s best if you can understand their perspective and try to solve the change from their angle • What stage are they at now? • What would radical change involve? • What would successful change mean to them?

11. Who is the expert? • Manager or “shop-floor” worker? • Express empathy with the group • Avoid arguing and change tack but know when to back off altogether • Support independence with praise but be careful not to patronise • Try to let the group see how the future will be rosier if they change

12. Assignment report writing • Analysis • Relate theory to practice

13. Assignment report writing • Executive summary • Current situation and, for example, if your chosen topic is going to be impacted upon by new… • What needs to change – how do you know (EBP)? • What theory, strategy etc will be employed • Results • Discussion • Recommendations • References • Appendices

14. Objectives To explore, understand and apply the following strategies:- • Normative re-educative • Empirical rational • Power-coercive • To consider the circumstances for applying the above strategies • To plan assignment structures