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Economy of the Middle East

Economy of the Middle East. Middle East? OR Near East? OR Southwest Asia? OR….?. Includes 25+ territories Western Sahara is disputed 5.91 million square miles. Location. Almost 2 times the size of US Located at latitudes equivalent Boston and Bogota. Population.

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Economy of the Middle East

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  1. Economy of the Middle East

  2. Middle East? OR Near East?OR Southwest Asia? OR….?

  3. Includes 25+ territories • Western Sahara is disputed • 5.91 million square miles

  4. Location • Almost 2 times the size of US • Located at latitudes equivalent Boston and Bogota

  5. Population • Around 600 million people • Majority of population in four countries: • Iran • Egypt • Turkey • Pakistan • Why is this?

  6. Natural Vegetation Map

  7. Climate Map

  8. Has a high population growth • Developing countries • Muslim cultures • Palestine, one of the highest growth rates in the world • The more urban the population, the wealthier the country • Kuwait

  9. On the other hand….. • Desperately poor countries urban population is less than 32% • Ex: • Afghanistan • Sudan • Yemen

  10. Water in the Middle East! Black Sea Caspian Sea Dardanelles Strait AtlanticOcean TigrisRiver Mediterranean Sea EuphratesRiver Jordan River Suez Canal Strait ofHormuz Persian Gulf Nile River Gulf ofOman Red Sea ArabianSea Gulf of Aden IndianOcean

  11. Tigris-Euphrates River System • Land in between, historically called Mesopotamia • “Land between two rivers” • Shared by Iraq, Turkey, and Syria • Part of the Fertile Crescent • Marsh, swamps, shallows

  12. The Jordan River System • extremely important resource to surrounding countries • Where Jesus was baptized • Sections still used for baptism

  13. The Dead Sea • 1,385 ft. below sea level • Lowest Place on Earth • One of the saltiest bodies of water • Has a high buoyancy-people can easily float • Health benefits

  14. The Arabian Peninsula and It’s Oil

  15. 2/3 of the world’s oil is located in the Middle East (most located along the Persian Gulf and in Iraq)

  16. The U. S. imports 30% of its oil needs from the Middle East.

  17. The Oil Giant of Saudi Arabia • Occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula • Homeland of Arab civilization and Islam • Interior is plateau • Has no permanent rivers! • Saudization

  18. Persian Gulf Oil Exports

  19. Saudi Oil • Has the largest amount of proven oil reserves in the world • Produces 2nd largest amount of oil • Ghawar, worlds largest oil field

  20. Bahrain • Small island • Connected to SA by four-lane causeway • Also center for oil refinement, but running out of oil • Only country of Arabian Penninsula to allow women to vote

  21. On worlds third largest natural gas reserve • 4/5 of population are imported workers because of that industry • Home of al-Jazeera • But before the oil and gas…. • Confederation of seven units • Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the oil economic centers • Because of oil, UAE is successfully diversifying its economy • More liberal, especially Dubai Qatar UAE

  22. Located on mountainous southern tip • Receives heaviest rainfall of the peninsula • Struggling economy • Lack of industrial production • Immigrant Yemen workers • Late oil discovery • Source of ancient worlds frankincense • Capital, Muscat vital trade port between ME-SA • Been U.S. allies in Gulf War and War in Iraq Yemen Oman

  23. Iraq • Why such a hot spot? • Sunni • Shi’ite • Kurd • Tigris and Euphrates used for agriculture • Baghdad is everything! • Located perfectly

  24. Continued….. • Oil is main source of revenue • Should have allowed them to thrive, but…. • Arab Baath Socialist Party

  25. Iran • Used to be Persia, until occupied by British • Restoration of the “shah” • Reza Pahlavi • 1979, Khomeini • Islamic Republic

  26. Continued… • First country in ME to produce oil • Also, pistachio and Persian rugs • Mostly Mts., plateau and desert • Northwest region able to grow subtropical crops • Majority depend on irrigation

  27. Kuwait • Size of New Jersey • Yet, 4th largest store of petroleum resources • From poor fishers and farmers to wealthy urbanized state • OIL ONLY!

  28. U.S. and Iraq • 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War • 1991 Gulf War • 2003 War in Iraq

  29. U.S. and Iran • 1980 Iraq Iran War • 1980 Tehran Hostages • 2002 “Axis of Evil” • Straight of Hormuz/Nuclear capabilities

  30. ACTIVITY Using the chart, create a trade flow map of how the U.S. obtains oil from around the world. Be sure to indicate the amount of oil imported by arrow size.

  31. Trade Flow Map Examples

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