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Gerunds and Infinitives: Functions, Replacements, and Usage

Learn about the functions of gerunds and infinitives as nouns, their ability to be replaced by pronouns, and their usage in different sentence structures. Discover the differences between gerunds and infinitives and when to use them after specific verbs.

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Gerunds and Infinitives: Functions, Replacements, and Usage

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  1. Senior 2 Module 8 Gerunds and infinitives

  2. Gerunds • Function as nouns. This means gerunds can be replaced by pronouns. For example, • Susan denied participatingin the event. • Susan denied it. [it = participating in the event] • Michael remembered turning off the lights. • Michael remembered it. [it = turning off the lights] • I’m looking forward to reading the book. • I’m looking forward to it.

  3. Gerunds • Function as nouns. This means gerunds can be replaced by pronouns. For example, • I don’t like being late for class. • I don’t like it. [it = being late for class] • Entertaining guests is not my favourite thing. • It is not my favourite thing. [it = entertaining guests] • I’m good at playingbasketball. • I’m good at it. [it = playing basketball]

  4. Gerunds • If we look at it carefully, we add a gerund to indicate the action of doing something, but you could as well eliminate the gerund on certain occasions: • David denied participating in the event. • David denied his participation in the event. • David denied (doing) something.

  5. Gerunds • Some structures require the use of the gerund. For example: • It’s no use doing something. • It’s worth studying gerunds and infinitives. • We’re having difficulty remembering this. • Notice, however, that: • It’s difficult to hear what she’s saying.

  6. Infinitives • Unlike gerunds, infinitives can’t be replaced by a pronoun, and they do play the role of the verb. • That’s your chance to win the game. • That’s your chance it. [????] • She’ll make an effort to come to the party. • She’ll make an effort it. [????]

  7. Infinitives • Adjectives are usually followed by infinitives. • It’s good to see you’ve recovered. • It’s important for youto tell her the truth. • She’s too short to play basketball. • He isn’t fast enough to win the race.

  8. Verbs followed by… • Gerunds • I can’t standgoing to the club with her. • I can’t stand this/that. • She considered leaving the country. • She considered that possibility. • He suggests going to the cinema. • He suggests this.

  9. Verbs followed by… • Infinitives • Frank doesn’t agree to do that. ✓ • Frank doesn’t agree that. ✗ • Frank doesn’t agree with that. ✓ • Jack decided to call his girlfriend. ✓ • Jack decided this. ✓

  10. Infinitives • Is there any difference in meaning between the sentences below? • Jack wants to eat a banana. • Jack wants a banana. • He expects to come with us. • He expects that.

  11. Now what???? • Unfortunately, there’s no easy rule for you to know when to use a gerund or an infinitive after a certain verb. The best way for you to learn it is by: • Using it. • Reading more.

  12. Some special verbs • Let, Make, Help • My mum lets meplay PS3 until 2:00 am. • My friends helpmedo my homework. • I’ll makeyouremember these verbs.

  13. Michelle is having trouble to sleep/ sleeping. • Juliet refused to dance/ dancingwith Pete. • Can you imagine to spend/ spendingyour vacations in Europe? • It’s not easy for them to speak/ speakingin public. • Do you enjoy to drink/ drinkingcoke?

  14. I miss to talk/ talkingto my friends. • I don’t mind to eat/ eatingvegetables. • It’s worth to listen/listening to that song. • They tend to be / being given the red carpet treatment. • This is the right time to buy/ buyingsome shares in the stock market.

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