Current Conditions in Northern Hemisphere Crop NDVI Anomaly, August 13th , 2012

1. Current Conditions in Northern Hemisphere Crop NDVI Anomaly, August 13th, 2012 Canada Russia Ukraine Kazakhstan Russia, Orenburg USA Spring Wheat Spring Wheat Spring Wheat Winter Wheat/ Corn Corn/ Soy China anomaly anomaly anomaly India anomaly Non Cropland Not shown anomaly Crop NDVI Anomaly NDVI -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal Current season crop development (2012) Average season development (2000-2011)

2. Time series depicting crop conditions in Northern Hemisphere, Summer 2012 Crop conditions are depicted through MODIS NDVI anomalies on 1st day and 15th day of each month (May-August) Crops in development stages sensitive to drought conditions are highlighted in red text within each region

3. Northern Hemisphere Crop Condition Anomaly, May 1st, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): wheat Europe: Wheat & Corn USA: Wheat Non Cropland Not shown China: Wheat, Corn & Soy • Observed highlights : • Drought in southern Ukraine affecting winter wheat • Drought in Spain affecting winter wheat Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

4. Northern Hemisphere Crop Condition Anomaly, May 15th, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): wheat Europe: Wheat & Corn USA: Wheat Non Cropland Not shown China: Wheat • Observed highlights : • US drought developing • Drought conditions in Ukraine affecting winter wheat • Drought conditions in Spain affecting winter wheat • Drought conditions in Russia, Kazakhstan developing Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

5. Northern Hemisphere Crop Condition Anomaly, June 1st, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): wheat Europe: Wheat & Corn USA: Wheat Non Cropland Not shown China: Wheat, Corn & Soy • Observed highlights: • US drought developing • Drought conditions in Ukraine affecting winter wheat • Drought conditions in Spain affecting winter wheat • Drought conditions in Russia, Kazakhstan during planting • Better than average conditions in China Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

6. Northern Hemisphere NDVI Crop Anomaly, June 15th, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): wheat Europe: Wheat & Corn USA: Wheat Non Cropland Not shown China: Wheat, Corn & Soy • Observed highlights: • US drought spreading and intensifying • Drought conditions in Ukraine intensifying in the south • Drought conditions in Russia, Kazakhstan intensifying • Dry conditions spread in India Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

7. Northern Hemisphere NDVI Crop Anomaly, July 1st, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): Wheat & Corn Canada: Wheat Europe: Corn USA: Corn & Soy Non Cropland Not shown China: Corn, soy , rice • Observed highlights : • US drought continues to spread and intensify affecting soy and corn • Drought in Ukraine intensifying in the south • Drought in Russia, Kazakhstan intensifying, • Dry conditions continue in India • Dry conditions develop in eastern China Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

8. Northern Hemisphere NDVI Crop Anomaly, July 15th, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): Wheat & Corn Canada: Wheat Europe: Corn USA: Corn & Soy Non Cropland Not shown China: Corn, soy , rice • Observed highlights : • US drought continues to spread and intensify Drought in Ukraine continues and spreading north • Drought in Russia, Kazakhstan intensifying • Dry conditions developing in Bulgaria and Romania • Dry conditions in Manitoba/Ontario Canada, affecting corn • Dry conditions starting to mitigate in India Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

9. Northern Hemisphere NDVI Crop Anomaly, August 1st, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): Wheat& Corn Europe: Corn Canada: Corn & wheat USA: Corn & Soy Non Cropland Not shown India: oilseeds, rice China: Corn & soy • Observed highlights : • US drought continues to spread and intensify • Drought in Ukraine continues to intensify in south east, dry conditions in Romania and Bulgaria intensify • Drought in Russia, Kazakhstan intensifying, affecting spring wheat and corn • Rains in India start to mitigate dry conditions • Rains mitigate dry conditions in Ontario, better than average conditions in the western Canada • Better than average conditions in north eastern China, • Small area of below average conditions in the east. Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

10. Northern Hemisphere NDVI Crop Anomaly, August 13th, 2012 Black Sea Region (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan): Wheat& Corn Europe: Corn Canada: Corn & wheat USA: Corn & Soy Non Cropland Not shown India: oilseeds, rice China: Corn & soy • Observed highlights: • Drought conditions persist in US, south eastern Ukraine, Russia, and Kazakhstan, with slight improvement in some areas in northern Kazakhstan • Rains in India mitigate dry conditions • Conditions continue to improve in Manitoba/Ontario, better than average conditions in the western Canada • Better than average conditions in majority of croplands in China Crop NDVI Anomaly -0.4 0 0.4 normal Worse than normal Better than normal • Crop stage sensitive to moisture and temperature • Crop stages largely based on USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF

11. Comparison of 2012 Drought with Conditions in Previous Years USA and Russia

12. Comparing the 2012 Black Sea Region Drought to the 2010 Drought Crop NDVI Anomaly July 17, 2012 Current drought affecting crop production in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria and Romania Crop NDVI Anomaly During the 2010 Russian Drought: (July 17 2010) Vegetation Anomaly during the 2010 Russian drought, when grain production decreased by 30%

13. 2012 drought primarily affecting corn and soy crops USA NDVI Crop Anomaly July 17, 2012 Vegetation Anomaly from last year (July 2011) depicting the Texas drought which was the most severe one year drought on record USA NDVI Crop Anomaly July 17, 2011

14. Sources • Images were created using the daily surface reflectance, Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) dataset from NASA MODIS sensor on board the Aqua and Terra satellites. • Cultivated areas are depicted using a combination of the following products: US- NLCD, Europe- CORINE, rest of world- MODIS UMD Landcover • Maps created by University of Maryland Department of Geographical Sciences (Inbal Becker-Reshef, Eric Vermote, and Chris Justice)