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Introduction to The Animal Kingdom

Introduction to The Animal Kingdom. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59u3hKOMOJg/SwHRScBEepI/AAAAAAAAAAw/QgcoPxESKYI/s1600/Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg. What is an Animal?. Animals are heterotrophic, eukaryotic and multicellular organisms whose cells lack cell walls

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Introduction to The Animal Kingdom

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  1. Introduction to The Animal Kingdom

  2. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59u3hKOMOJg/SwHRScBEepI/AAAAAAAAAAw/QgcoPxESKYI/s1600/Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59u3hKOMOJg/SwHRScBEepI/AAAAAAAAAAw/QgcoPxESKYI/s1600/Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg

  3. What is an Animal? • Animals are heterotrophic, eukaryotic and multicellular organisms whose cells lack cell walls • 95% invertebrates (do not have a backbone) • 5% vertebrates (have a backbone) • 7 Essential functions of animals

  4. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oeqaImj08x0/UFyQIWf61xI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/9ebYslzD2Ik/s1600/animalsdiagram.JPGhttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oeqaImj08x0/UFyQIWf61xI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/9ebYslzD2Ik/s1600/animalsdiagram.JPG

  5. 1. Feeding • Herbivore = eats plants • Carnivore = eats animals • Omnivore = eats plants and animals • Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material • Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water • Parasite = lives in or on another organism

  6. http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/detail-tick-parasite-skin-9896425.jpghttp://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/detail-tick-parasite-skin-9896425.jpg http://fl1504015.edublogs.org/files/2012/02/food_chain-24s0jcx.jpg http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/definitions/lg/filter-feeder.jpg

  7. 2. Respiration • Take in O2 and give off CO2  • Different Methods: • Lungs • Gills • Through skin • Simple diffusion

  8. http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/71/103771-004-CFAF92C6.gifhttp://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/71/103771-004-CFAF92C6.gif

  9. 3. Circulation • Very small animals use diffusion to get nutrients and oxygen to cells • Larger animals have circulatory systems

  10. http://media1.shmoop.com/images/biology/biobook_animalmovement_graphik_33.pnghttp://media1.shmoop.com/images/biology/biobook_animalmovement_graphik_33.png

  11. 4. Excretion • Primary waste product is ammonia • Kidney is the main organ for liquid waste excretion

  12. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/442/442-110/L_IMG_figure1.gif

  13. 5 Response • Receptor cells: • Sound • Light • External stimuli • Nerve cells => nervous system

  14. http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/nervsys_2.gifhttp://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/nervsys_2.gif

  15. 6. Movement • Most animals are motile (can move) • Muscles usually work with a skeleton

  16. http://webecoist.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/animals.jpg

  17. 7. Reproduction • Most reproduce sexually • Genetic diversity • Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually • Increase their numbers rapidly

  18. http://www.sritweets.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/dog-and-puppies.jpghttp://www.sritweets.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/dog-and-puppies.jpg

  19. Trends in Animal Evolution • BodySymmetry -the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged • Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) • Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) • Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

  20. Jellyfish Video http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/symmetrydiagram.gif

  21. Cephalization - anterior concentration of sense organs, basically the organism has a head, usually with eyes, nose and other sense organs, plus a brain http://images.emedicinehealth.com/images/4453/4453-4464-63362-71462.jpg

  22. Body Sides • Anterior – Towards head • Posterior – Towards Tails • Dorsal – Back side • Ventral – Front side

  23. http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/lizard4_dorsal_ventral.gifhttp://www.biologycorner.com/resources/lizard4_dorsal_ventral.gif

  24. Segmentation - segments of the body become specialized for specific purposes http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/tagmatization.jpg

  25. Early Development • Zygote - fertilized egg • Blastula - a hollow ball of cells • Blastopore - the blastula folds in creating an opening • Protostome – where mouth is formed from blastopore • Deuterosome – where anus if formed from blastopore • Anus - opening for solid waste removal from digestive tract

  26. http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/141993_Protostome_vs_Deuterostome.jpg..jpghttp://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/141993_Protostome_vs_Deuterostome.jpg..jpg

  27. The cells of most animals differentiate into three distinct germ layers • Endoderm - (innermost) develops into the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory tract • Mesoderm - (middle) muscle, circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems • Ectoderm - (outermost) sense organs, nerves, outer layer of skin

  28. http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL3530/DB_01/figB1_B.jpghttp://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL3530/DB_01/figB1_B.jpg

  29. 9 Animal Phyla http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/zoology/animalphylogenetics/images/fig14.gif

  30. 1. Phylum Porifera (sponges) http://palaeos.com/metazoa/porifera/images/rigida.jpg

  31. 2. Phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, jellyfish, coral, hydra) http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archdata/Gershwin_Collins/Ccolorata.JPG

  32. 3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/platyhelminthes/pseudobiceros.jpg

  33. 4. Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)

  34. 5. Phylum Annelida (segmented worms, earthworms, leeches) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Regenwurm1.jpg

  35. 6. Phylum Mollusca (clam, squid, snails, slugs) http://angelfire.com/mo3/invertzoo/images/Mollusca.jpg

  36. 7. Phylum Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders) http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/arachnida/tarantula.jpg

  37. 8. Phylum Echinodermata (starfish) http://www.palaeos.org/images/thumb/5/5a/Acanthaster_planci.jpg/340px-Acanthaster_planci.jpg

  38. 9. Phylum Chordata (includes all vertebrates) http://sevennaturalwonders.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/shutterstock_60362779-1.jpg

  39. Round Worms • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Nematoda • Contain unsegmented worms

  40. Ascaris  http://www.thelifetree.com/images/roundworms06.jpg

  41. Insides • Pseudocoelom (“false coelom”) • Coelom-(sea-lum) Fluid filled cavity made from the mesoderm • Body cavity contains organs • Digestive tract with two openings (mouth and anus)

  42. Round worm anatomy http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/roundworm.jpg

  43. Feeding • They are predators when they are free living • Parasites to humans and animals as well

  44. http://altered-states.net/barry/bobbeck/roundworms.jpg http://www.harpercollege.edu/ls-hs/bio/dept/guide/gallery/aquatic_worms/original/aquatic_roundworm_nematode(4).jpg

  45. Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • Separate sexes (male and female)

  46. http://images.tutorvista.com/content/animal-kingdom/roundworm-anatomy.jpeghttp://images.tutorvista.com/content/animal-kingdom/roundworm-anatomy.jpeg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_A7ibHLvSQhg/S-FKgcc2u9I/AAAAAAAAAGA/9g8705yPGeY/s1600/round+worm+%233.gif

  47. Roundworms and disease http://www.neglecteddiseases.gov/assets/images/rw1.jpg

  48. Trichinosis (trichinella worm) • Cysts within the muscles are consumed (undercooked food) • Worm then grows in the intestine • Forms cysts within the muscles of the new host • Causes terrible pain in muscles

  49. http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/hdc_0001_0003_0_img0274.jpghttp://www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/hdc_0001_0003_0_img0274.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Trichinella_LifeCycle.gif

  50. Filarial Worms - found in Tropical regions of Asia • Usually transmitted by mosquitoes • Causes elephantiasis

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