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Stellarator Progress in Compact Fusion Design

Learn about the advancements in the design and development of compact stellarators for fusion energy. Explore the collaborations, experimental results, and upcoming projects in the field.

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Stellarator Progress in Compact Fusion Design

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  1. NCSX Project Overview Hutch Neilson, NCSX Project Manager For the NCSX Team NCSX Conceptual Design Review Princeton, NJ May 21, 2002

  2. The National NCSX Team UCSD, Columbia U., LLNL, ORNL, PPPL in collaboration with Auburn, NYU, SNL-A, Texas-Austin, Wisconsin Australia, Austria, Germany, Japan , Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine

  3. Stellarators Are Making Great Progress Wendelstein 7-AS (Germany) • > 3%. enhanced confinement. density control & enhanced performance w/island divertor. Large Helical Device (Japan) •  > 3%. Te ≈ 10 kev, Ti ≈ 5 keV. enhanced confinement. 2-minute pulses. Wendelstein 7-X (Germany) (2006) non-symmetric optimized design. Under construction (operates 2007).

  4. The U.S. Stellarator Program Has Moved Forward in the Past Year Helically Symmetric Experiment (U. Wisc.) • Successful test of quasi-symmetry. Compact Toroidal Hybrid (Auburn) • Construction progressing: operates 2003. Theory Program is Emphasizing Stellarator Physics • Successful 3D Physics Planning Workshop in January. • New advances: 3D equilibrium reconstruction code (approved), 3D edge simulation code (proposed collaboration w/ Germany), improved optimizers. Stellarator Collaborations are Increasing • Participation in LHD and W7-AS experiments. • Theory collaborations with Germany, Japan, Australia. Stellarator System Studies are in the Plans • ARIES compact stellarator power plant optimization study starts soon.

  5. U.S. Compact Stellarator Design Efforts (NCSX and QPS) Have Been Successful Successful Physics Validation Reviews confirmed physics approach. • NCSX: High-, quasi-axisymmetric test at PoP scale. • QPS: Quasi-poloidal symmetry, very low aspect ratio at CE scale. Designed by joint team using common tools. DOE Approved Mission Need (CD-0) for Both Projects. • Moved into conceptual design in May, 2001. FESAC Endorsed NCSX as a Proof-of-Principle Experiment. • Citing potential to resolve reactor issues (steady-state, disruptions) and advance the physics of 3D magnetized plasmas. • “These gains earn for the compact stellarator an important place in the portfolio” DOE Requested $11.8M in FY-2003 Budget Submission to Initiate NCSX Project Starting this October. • Also, an increase for QPS conceptual design in FY-03, aiming for an -04 start. The Compact Stellarator is Becoming a Reality.

  6. The NCSX Mission Supports OFES Program Goals:Fusion Solutions, Plasma Science • Acquire physics knowledge needed to evaluate the compact stellarator as a fusion concept. • Passively stable without active feedback; no disruptions. • Steady state with no recirculating power for current or rotation drive. • Enhanced confinement compatible with power & particle exhaust. • Low aspect ratio (≤4.4) and high beta (≥ 4%) high power density. Addresses FESAC / IPPA Milestone: “Determine attractiveness of a CS” 2. Advance understanding of 3D plasma physics for fusion and basic science. Effects of… • Rotational transform sources (internal vs external), • 3D plasma shaping, • Magnetic quasi-axisymmetry, and • 3D edge, … on toroidal physics: equilibrium, stability, transport, boundary.

  7. The NCSX Conceptual Design Effort Has Produced a Sound Basis on Which to Proceed NCSX Conceptual Design Report documents… • Design • Plans • Cost and schedule • Management

  8. A Conceptual Design Meeting NCSX Mission Requirements Has Been Developed • Magnets provide required physics properties (stability, surface quality, quasi-axisymmetry), are practical to build, and can be assembled over vacuum vessel. • Provides access for heating, diagnostics, pumping, first wall, personnel. • Delivers required physics flexibility, startup scenario, B-field strength, current, and pulse length with adequate engineering margins (structural, thermal, thermo-hydraulic). • Risk mitigation measures are being taken. Manufacturing studies by industry were especially valuable: • High interest in modular coils and vacuum vessel by capable suppliers. • Their feedback improved our designs, fabrication plans, and estimates.

  9. NCSX Plasma and Magnets

  10. Vacuum Vessel

  11. Completed Stellarator Core

  12. NCSX Will Be Sited in the PLT / PBX-M Test Celland re-use PBX-M Neutral Beams and Vacuum Pumps Designed to accept all 4 beams; 2 will be installed at first plasma. Site is being cleared now with excess facilities disposal funds.

  13. NCSX Also Uses D-Site Facilities D-Site Power Supplies (NCSX Magnets) D-Site Motor-Generators NCSX Magnet Power Cables TFTR TEST Cell (NCSX sub-assembly area) NCSX Control Room NCSX Test Cell

  14. Fabrication Project Scope: Equipment Needed at First Plasma and Installation of 2 Existing Neutral Beams Stellarator Core (R = 1.4 m). • External magnets, vacuum vessel, limiters, cryostat. Peak ratings: B ≤ 2 T, Ip ≤ 350 kA. tflat =  0.3 s @B=1.7 T / 1.7 s @B=1.2 T Heating, Fueling, Vacuum (Auxiliary Systems) • Neutral beam injection (3 MW) installed; gas injection, torus vacuum pumping, glow discharge cleaning. Diagnostics • Magnetics, interferometer, visible cameras, magnetic field mapping equip. Power Systems • Magnet power for B = 1.5 T, Ip = 154 kA scenario; C–site AC power. Central I&C • Facility control and timing, computer network, data acquisition, control room. Facility Systems • Water, cryogenics, bakeout. Integrated System Testing and First Plasma

  15. Project Cost is Estimated to be $72M Contingencies are estimated at the subsystem level, based on technical, cost, and schedule risk factors.

  16. PPPL Overhead Rates Were Approved in the Past Week Costs in $M Slight changes from assumptions at press time. Bottom line unchanged. Current estimate will be presented.

  17. Fabrication Project Can Be Completed by March, 2007

  18. Project Funding Requirements for Mar. ’07 1st Plasma • Funding drivers: • FY-03: design and mfg. development for critical components • FY-04: award major fabrication contracts.

  19. Research Preparations Will Proceed in Parallel with the Fabrication Project Scope: prepare analytical and hardware tools needed beyond first plasma and flux-surface mapping. (Follows NSTX approach.) • Maintain physics connections, collaborations with other stellarator programs. • Design and begin fabrication of upgrade hardware (diagnostics for Ohmic phase; PFCs, 350 C bake, internal trim coils, and diagnostics for NBI phase). • Plan research program in more detail and start building team as operation nears.

  20. NCSX Program Funding Requirements FY03-06 * Operations funding starts in FY-2007. • Funding peak = $21.1M (vs DOE guidance of $18.6M). • Completes project on desired schedule (March, 2007), ready to proceed with research program.

  21. The Project Organization is Functioning Well • DOE / Contractor “Integrated Project Team” is working well. • Members from DOE-PAO, DOE-OFES, PPPL, ORNL. • Has met at least monthly since 2000. • Planned PVR and this review. Prepared DOE acquisition documents. • Successful PPPL-ORNL partnership will continue. • Has worked well since 1998, developed physics basis, conceptual design. • Responsibilities for fabrication project are clearly defined. • Strong upper management support at both Labs. • Will follow management approach that has been successful in PPPL–managed fusion projects, e.g., TFTR D&D, NSTX. • Central project management and work authorization system. • All procurement and QA / QC support through PPPL. • Line management responsible for E.S.&H.; supported by E.S.&H. professionals. • Approved (and proven) PPPL procedures for doing work safely. • NCSX Project Execution Plan issued as part of Conceptual Design Report.

  22. NCSX Project Organization

  23. DOE Acquisition Process: Next Step is CD-1, July, ’02 • CD-1 deliverables are in preparation. Most, including draft Acquisition Execution Plan, are included in C.D.R. • NEPA process is under way.

  24. Production of Modular Coils and Vacuum VesselNeeds to Start Early in FY-04 to Maintain Schedule Project Schedule: • Perform preliminary design, final design, and manufacturing development for these components in FY–03. • Conduct DOE Preliminary Design Review of NCSX in May, 2003. • Review overall design maturity and establish performance baseline for CD-2. • Start procurement process for modular coil production late in FY-03. • Award production contracts for modular coil forms (Nov. ’03), vessel (Apr. ’04). CDs for these components need to be advanced to stay on schedule. • At CD-1 (July, ’02), we need authorization (“CD-2”) to be able to start F.D. of the modular coils (March,’03) and vacuum vessel (May, ’03). • At CD-2 (June, ’03), we need authorization (“CD-3”) to be able to start production of the modular coils and vacuum vessel. • At CD-3 (April, ’04), we need approval to begin fabrication of remaining components.

  25. Summary / Preview : Status of NCSX • The NCSX conceptual design provides a sound technical basis on which to proceed. • Physics and engineering analyses show that the design meets mission requirements with adequate margins (Charge #1 and #2). • Manufacturer input has boosted confidence in the constructability of the design, R&D plans, manufacturing plans, and estimates. (#2) • Bottoms-up estimates show the project can be completed by March, 2007 at a cost of $72M, with reasonable contingencies (#3). • A successful project organization is well established. The management plans for NCSX follow proven models for safe and successful project execution (#3, #4). • Research preparations and plans are commensurate with needs. (#5) • PVR issues have been resolved, commensurate with needs. (#1)

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