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Independence Movements in Latin America

Independence Movements in Latin America. NIKE. Please take out a silent reading book! Prepare for a CNN Student News. SOCIAL HIERARCHY. Peninsulares: Native Spaniards. Creoles: People of pure European blood But born in the New World. P. Mulattos: African + European blood. C.

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Independence Movements in Latin America

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  1. Independence Movements in Latin America

  2. NIKE • Please take out a silent reading book! • Prepare for a CNN Student News.

  3. SOCIAL HIERARCHY Peninsulares: Native Spaniards Creoles: People of pure European blood But born in the New World P Mulattos: African + European blood C Mestizos: Indian + European blood M & M I & A Indians and Africans CAUSES

  4. Latin American Geography • Latin America is made up of countries from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean Islands. • All languages spoken here can be traced to Latin.

  5. Spirit of Liberation • “I swear before God and by my honor never to allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains that bind us to Spain” Simon Bolivar

  6. Long Term Causes • European domination • Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau & Montesquieu • American and French Revolutions • Growth of “nationalism”

  7. Immediate Causes • Revolutionary leaders emerge • Napoleon invades Spain and puts brother in charge • colonies saw an opportunity to revolt

  8. HAITI

  9. Haiti’s Struggle • Haiti’s sugar plantations made it a valuable colony of France

  10. Toussaint L’Ouverture • Born into slavery • Learned to read • Inspired by stories of revolt in ancient Rome and Julius Caesar

  11. Uprising of 1791 • Toussaint with support of slavesvs France, Spain, Britain and Mulattoes • More lives lost than in any other Revolution in the Americas

  12. Rebuilding Haiti • By 1798 enslaved Haitians free • Napoleon enters picture in 1802 when 100 French soldiers were dying a day • Peace was made, for a while… • UNTIL…

  13. Death of Toussaint • Toussaint was betrayed and seized by Napoleon’s men • Ten months later in a French prison Toussaint died

  14. MEXICO

  15. Mexicans rally behind Hidalgo • Hidalgo is supported by poor Mexicans • Called for an end to slavery • He was executed by Spanish

  16. Father Jose Morelos • Father Morelos, a mestizo, supported Hidalgo and led after Hidalgo was executed • Continued the message of Hidalgo • He was also captured and shot by the Spanish

  17. Independence for Spain & Mexico • 1820 liberals forced King of Spain to issue a constitution • Mexico did not yet win its Independence, but Mexicans won a few more freedoms

  18. VENEZUELA and the rest of South America

  19. Simon Bolivar Acts • Simon Bolivar was an educated Creole. • Led an uprising that established a republic in Venezuela • Civil war raged & Bolivar forced into exile

  20. “The Liberator” • Moves into Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia • Later joined forced with another revolutionary…

  21. Jose de San Martin • San Martin , a Creole like Bolivar, was born in Argentina • Won freedom for Argentina • Together, both men defeated Spain

  22. Long-Term Effects • 18 separate republics are established • Struggle to achieve stable democratic governments & to gain economic independence • Ongoing efforts to bring prosperity & democracy to the people of Latin America

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