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RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis. How does DNA determine our traits?. How does DNA determine our traits?. By directing the synthesis of proteins Proteins represent functional genes Molecular flow of information is: DNA RNA Protein. What proteins are you familiar with?. Examples of Proteins.

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RNA and Protein Synthesis

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  1. RNA and Protein Synthesis

  2. How does DNA determine our traits?

  3. How does DNA determine our traits? • By directing the synthesis of proteins • Proteins represent functional genes • Molecular flow of information is: DNA RNA Protein

  4. What proteins are you familiar with?

  5. Examples of Proteins • Insulin • Keratin • Hemoglobin • Melanin • Actin

  6. Proteins are synthesized during two cellular processes. Can you name these processes?

  7. Protein Synthesis • Transcription – Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA 2. Translation – mRNA information is decoded to synthesize proteins

  8. What is RNA?

  9. What is RNA? • A nucleic acid composed of ribose sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases

  10. How does RNA differ from DNA?

  11. DNA RNA • Double stranded • Deoxyribose sugar • Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine • Nucleus only • Single stranded • Ribose sugar • Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil • Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

  12. RNA Nucleotide

  13. Who are the “players” involved in protein synthesis?

  14. The “Players” • mRNA • tRNA • rRNA • amino acids • ribosomes

  15. mRNA (messenger) • linear RNA that transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

  16. tRNA (transfer) • RNA (~80 nucleotides in length) twisted in hairpin shape • supplies the amino acids to ribosomes for translation

  17. rRNA (ribosomal) • globular RNA that composes ribosomes, forms the peptide bond between amino acids during protein synthesis

  18. Amino Acids • monomers of proteins • linked together to form proteins during translation

  19. Ribosomes • site of translation (second step of protein synthesis)

  20. Gene Structure

  21. A Gene Structure • Promoter • Coding Region • Termination Signal

  22. A Steps of Transcription

  23. A RNA Splicing (editing of mRNA)

  24. A Transcription Review(DNA to mRNA)

  25. mRNA codons • Codon – sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA

  26. The Genetic Code

  27. Translation (mRNA to Protein) • Begins at the “start” codon - AUG

  28. Codon/Anti-Codon Relationship

  29. A Translation (mRNA to Protein) • Translation continues until a “stop” codon is reached – UAA, UGA, UAG

  30. A Translation Review(mRNA to Protein)

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