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The Civil Rights Movement: Chapter 21 Review. What Rights are worth fighting for?. Are all Americans entitled to the same civil rights? What are the risks of demanding rights? Why might some people fight against equal rights? Do we have true equality today in the United States?.
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What Rights are worth fighting for? • Are all Americans entitled to the same civil rights? • What are the risks of demanding rights? • Why might some people fight against equal rights? • Do we have true equality today in the United States?
Growth of the Civil Rights Movement • Truman ends segregation in armed forces 1948 • Congress refuses to pass civil rights legislation • Jim Crow still ruled the South • Decision of civil rights left up to the Supreme Court head by Chief Justice Earl Warren
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka1954
Montgomery Bus Boycott Began w/ Rosa Parks Dec. 1st 1955 Lasted 1 year Gave rise to 27year old Rev. Martin Luther King
Little Rock Nine September 1957- Central High School was to enroll 9 black students Gov. Orval Faubus of Arkansas mobilized the National Guard to keep the students from entering President Eisenhower sent in troops to escort children to their classes
His death caused a serge in the Civil Rights Movement Showed the brutality of southern violence towards African-Americans created outrage across the nation Death of Emmett Till- 1955
Martin Luther King Jr. • Formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957 • Mobilized black churches to work towards black rights • Believed in peaceful demonstrations • 1st phase of Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Act 1957passed under Eisenhower • Set up a civil rights commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal gov. to protect voting rights
Student Non-violent Coordination Committee
James Meredith • Won case allowing him to enroll at University of Mississippi • Gov. Barnett would not let him register • President Kennedy ordered federal marshals • Riots erupted lasting 15 hours
President Kennedy Acts • June 11, 1963 sends troops to University of Alabama to enforce desegregation • Calls for new civil rights legislation • MLK “March on Washington”
Kennedy Assassination • Kennedy unable to pass Civil Rights Legislation due to southern democrats • After assassination Lyndon B. Johnson continues the fight for Civil Rights • Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned discrimination based on sex, race, religion • Voting Rights Acts of 1965- eliminated literacy tests in the South
Black Power • 2nd phase of Civil Rights movement • Civil Rights movement changes from non-violence protests of MLK to use of force tactics of Malcolm X • Nation of Islam • Elijah Muhammad
Black Muslims • Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) • Belief that Blacks should separate from white society as whites caused their condition • Malcolm X was a follower believed in armed self defense
Black Panthers • Began in Oakland, Ca. • Led by Stokely Carmichael • “Black Power”