1 / 14

Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850

Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850. Eight Preconditions to Industrialization. 4 Preconditions for Europe:. 4 Preconditions for Britain:. Raw Materials Population Explosion Increase in Demand Increased Labor Force. Lots of Capital Laisezz-Faire Economy Perception of Mobility

wylie
Download Presentation

Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850

  2. Eight Preconditions to Industrialization 4 Preconditions for Europe: 4 Preconditions for Britain: • Raw Materials • Population Explosion • Increase in Demand • Increased Labor Force • Lots of Capital • Laisezz-Faire Economy • Perception of Mobility • Men who took advantage of the other 7 preconditions

  3. Raw Materials • Wood and building materials were used for early machines • Tin and Iron Ore were used for metal, and Coal would eventually become a power source. • Sheep were used for Wool and Cotton from North American Colonies • Rivers provided a source of power using waterwheels and were used for transportation

  4. Population Explosion Resulting from an Agricultural Revolution • Agricultural Revolution • Improved Crop Rotation • Better landscape engineering and drainage • Better fodder crops which resulted in more livestock and more livestock resulted in more fertilizer. • All of this helped increase population.

  5. Population Rise Cont. • Sociological Changes • Earlier Marriages • Better Survival Rates Among Infants and Adults which was assisted by: • Better Hygiene • Vaccinations helped population rise • Stopping of small pox thanks to inoculation or shots. • Population of Europe rose from about 100 million in 1700 to 200 million in 1800.

  6. Increase in Demand • Growing population of Europe needed clothes, housing, and transportation. From this a mass market was created for mass produced Articles. • Increase in Demand Spurred New Inventions and Investment

  7. Labor Force • Agriculture became more efficient during 18th century • No need for people being born on farms: • Farmers began to move to cities in search of work. • These people would make up the factory labor force to supply the industrial revolution.

  8. Preconditions for Britain • Lots of Capital • Laissez-Faire economy • Perception of Mobility • Men who took advantage of the other 7 preconditions

  9. Lots of Capital • British had more money than anyone else at the end of the 18th century due to the Commercial Revolution: • British colonial trade with Americas and India in sugar, tobacco, spices, and slaves had made British merchants and investors rich • British merchants and investors needed somewhere productive to put their money .

  10. Laissez-Faire Economy • Britain had very little government regulation of industry: • State was influenced by and had a high regard for merchants • Merchants often sat in Parliament and would pass legislation that favored their business. • This resulted in very few restrictions on business in England. • Businessmen were free to try schemes without government permission or fears of regulation high taxes, on offending some courtier. • Merchants were at the center of power.

  11. Perception of Mobility • British Society • Least Hierarchal • Least Obsessed with birth • Most Democratic in Europe • Mobility • 1. People believed they could rise in society • 2. People believed they could live in an open country. Source: Brad Delong, at: http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2012/02/robert-allen-the-british-industrial-revolution-in-global-perspective.html

  12. Men who took Advantage of other 7 Preconditions • Men like Thomas Newcomen, James Watt, John Kay, James Hargreaves, Henry Bessemer, Sir Josiah Wedgewood, Eli Whitney and many more. • Many of the Scientists, Inventors, and Entrepreneurs that took advantage of the Seven preconditions that only England had were Middle or lower class. • We have heard of these men mainly because they were born in Britain where Industrialization was ready to occur and where all the preconditions existed.

  13. Example of Industrialization: Cotton Industry • Before Industrial Revolution: • Cotton was rare and expensive to make; • Cotton had to be produced basically by hand; • Cotton was extremely expensive. • After the Industrial Revolution: • Production matched or outpaced demand; • Cotton was made in factories using steam engines; • by 1832 cotton only cost one shilling a pound and that meant the even the poor could get cotton.

  14. The Inventions that Revolutionized Cotton Production • 1733 The Flying Shuttle by John Kay, doubled cotton production; • 1763 The Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves allowed one person to spin 8-10 times more cotton; • 1769 James Watts modified the steam engine so it could power the Spinning Jenny • 1793 The Cotton Gin, by Eli Whitney, separated cotton from the seeds; • 1855 mass production of steel was invented by Henry Bessemer Eli Whitney

More Related