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?2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning? is a trademark used herein under license. . Britain in the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact. The Industrial Revolution in Great BritainAgricultural growthPopulation growthAble to produce
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1. The Beginnings of Modernization:Industrialization and Nationalism, 1800-1870
2. Britain in the Industrial Revolution
3. The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Agricultural growth
Population growth
Able to produce goods cheaply
Changes in Textile Production
Flying shuttle
James Hargreaves, spinning jenny, 1768
Edmund Cartwright, power loom, 1787
James Watt, rotary steam engine, 1782
Cotton textile production
4. Industrialization of Europe
5. Technological Changes Iron Industry
Henry Cort, puddling
Railroad
Richard Trevithick, steam-powered locomotive
George Stephenson, Rocket, 1830
Ripple effect
Prices of goods fall; markets grow larger; increased sales mean more factories and machinery; thus, self-sustaining
The Industrial Factory
Workers in shifts
Workers come from rural areas
Regulations
6. Spread of Industrialization
Spread to Europe first
Government role
United States
Internal transportation
Labor
7. Limiting the Spread of Industrialization to the Rest of the World Russia was largely rural and agricultural ruled by an autocratic regime that preferred to keep peasants in serfdom
India exported cotton cloth produced by hand labor
Purchase British-made goods
8. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Population Growth and Urbanization
European population 140 million in 1750 and 266 million by 1850
Decline of death rate
Increased food supply
Growth of cities
Poor living conditions
Sanitation poor
9. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution (cont.�d)
New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class
New bourgeois
Constructed the factories, purchased the machines, figured out where the markets were
Reduce the barriers between themselves and the landed elite
New Social Classes: The Industrial Working Class
Poor working conditions
Women and children
Efforts at Change
Socialism
Utopian socialists
10. Reaction and Revolution: The Growth of Nationalism
Conservative Order
Vienna peace settlement, 1815
Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773-1859)
Concert of Europe
Forces for Change
Liberalism
Protection of civil liberties
Guaranteed by a document
Right to vote to men of property only
Nationalism
Common institutions, traditions, language, and customs
Each nationality should have a government
Becomes a threat to the existing order
11. Centers of Revolt in 1848-49
12. The Revolutions of 1848 France
Agricultural depression, 1846
Refusal to extend suffrage to the middle class
King Louis-Philippe, 1830-1848, overthrown February 24, 1848
Provisional government, call for universal male suffrage
Second Republic established, November 4, 1848
Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected president
Revolution in Central Europe
The German Confederation
Prussian king, Frederick William IV, (1840-1861)
Frankfurt Assembly: hopes and failures
Revolution in Austria in March, 1848
Revolution in Italy
13. Independence and the Development of the National State in Latin America Nationalistic Revolts
Enlightenment affects the creole class
European control weakened by Napoleonic Wars
Mexico
Divisions within Mexico
Augustin de Iturbide, first emperor of Mexico, 1821
South America
Jos� de San Mart�n (1783-1830)
Sim�n Bol�var (1783-1830)
14. Latin America in the Early Nineteenth Century
15. Difficulties of Nation Building Problems of independence
Caudillos come to power
Economic dependence
Domination by the industrializing nations
Source of raw materials and food for industrialized nations
Domination by landed elites
16. Nationalism in the Balkans: The Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Question Ottoman control of the Balkans wanes
Crimean War, 1853-1855
Russians invaded Moldavia and Wallachia
Ottoman Turks declare war, October, 4, 1853
Britain and France fear Russians would gain an advantage, declare war, March 28, 1854
The Crimean War
Treaty of Paris, 1855
Crimean War destroyed the Concert of Europe
Results of the war
17. The Balkans in 1830
18. National Unification and the National State: 1848-1871
The Unification of Italy
Count Camillo di Cavour (1810-1861)
Alliance with the French against Austria
Peace settlement:
Piedmont gets Lombardy
Other northern Italian states join Piedmont
Guiseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882)
Red shirts
Capture The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Land turned over to Pienmon
King Victor Emmanuel II (1861-1878)
New Kingdom of Italy proclaimed, March 17, 1861
19. The Unification of Italy
20. The Unification of Germany King William I (1861-1888)
Count Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)
Realpolitik
Schleswig and Holstein annexed after the defeat of Denmark in 1864
Austro-Prussian War, 1866
North German Confederation
Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871
January 18, 1871, William I of Prussia named kaiser
Made Second German Empire
Affects of unification
21. Ethnic groups within the Austrian Empire
22. Nationalism and Reform: Great Britain, France, the Austrian Empire, and Russia Great Britain
Reform Act of 1832
Social and political reform in 1850s and 1860s
France
Louis Napoleon, Napoleon III (1852-1870)
Economic growth and development
Reconstruction of Paris
Opposition grew in 1860s
Austria
Problems of ethnic nationalism
Ausgleich, Compromise of 1867 creates a Duel Empire
Russia
Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881)
Reforms
23. The United States and Canada in the Nineteenth Century
24. Growth of the United States Andrew Jackson (1767-1845)
Jacksonian democracy
Slavery
Cotton economy of the South
Northern fear that slavery would spread
Abraham Lincoln and secession
Civil War (1861-1865)
War to save the Union
Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863
25. The Emergence of a Canadian Nation Upper and Lower Canada
Rebellions against the government
United Provinces of Canada
John Macdonald
British North American Act, 1867
26. Cultural Life: Romanticism Characteristics of Romanticism
Interest in the past
Attraction to the exotic and unfamiliar
Poetry ranked above all other forms
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Believed that nature served as a mirror
Artistic expression was to reflect inner feelings
Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)
27. A New Age of Science
Technological advances
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) -- germ theory
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) -- periodic law
Acceptance of the scientific method
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) -- organic evolution; survival of the fittest
28. Realism in Literature and Art Rejected Romanticism
Ordinary characters from natural life
Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)
Madame Bovary
Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)
Realistic portrayals of life
The Stonebreakers
29. Discussion Questions Why did the Industrial Revolution emerge in Britain first?
How did nationalism and liberalism contribute to the Revolutions of 1848?
Compare and contrast the process of national unification in Italy and Germany.
Describe the attitude of the Romantics toward nature and history.