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Segregation and Discrimination. Legal discrimination. Voting restrictions Literacy tests Poll tax Grandfather clause: reinstate white votes If he, his father, or grandfather were eligible to vote before Jan. 1 st , 1867 Before that date African Americans were not allowed to vote.
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Legal discrimination • Voting restrictions • Literacy tests • Poll tax • Grandfather clause: reinstate white votes • If he, his father, or grandfather were eligible to vote before Jan. 1st, 1867 • Before that date African Americans were not allowed to vote
Legal Segregation • Jim Crow laws: legal segregation (separating on race) • Schools, hospitals, parks and transportation • Plessy vs. Ferguson-1896 • 1/8 Af.Am. Denied a seat in railroad car in white section- took to Supreme Court • It was legal if facilities were equal • Equal declined in quality
Race relations • Black men forced to remove hats, to yield to white pedestrians, never shaking hands • Accusations- seriously if from white person • Lynching- illegal execution, w/o trial, carried out by a mob • Duluth, MN lynching http://collections.mnhs.org/duluthlynchings/ • both North and South
Mexican workers • Agricultural laborers • debt peonage- involuntary servitude, forced to work off a debt • Violation of 13th Amendment Chinese workers • Forced to take low paying jobs • Shoemakers, cigar makers, woolen mill operators • Anti-Chinese immigration