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Ch. 21 Shoulder

Ch. 21 Shoulder. Objectives. Name the three articulations that constitute the shoulder girdle complex. Describe how stability of the shoulder is maintained. Recite the names of the four muscles that come together to form the rotator cuff. Explain the anatomy of the shoulder complex.

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Ch. 21 Shoulder

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  1. Ch. 21 Shoulder

  2. Objectives • Name the three articulations that constitute the shoulder girdle complex. • Describe how stability of the shoulder is maintained. • Recite the names of the four muscles that come together to form the rotator cuff. • Explain the anatomy of the shoulder complex. • Identify major injuries and conditions of the shoulder.

  3. Anatomy • Ball and socket joint • most mobile joint in the body • Humerus • Clavicle- collar bone • Scapula- shoulder blade • Acromion process • Coracoid process

  4. Joints and Movements • Flexion • Extension • Abduction • Adduction • Internal Rotation • External Roation • Elevation/Depression • Protraction/Retraction • Glenohumeral Joint- the actual shoulder joint • Acromioclavicular Joint • Sternoclavicular Joint • Scapulothoracic Joint

  5. Shoulder Flexion • PectoralisMajor • Coracobrachialis • Biceps brachii • Brachialis • anterior fibers of deltoid

  6. Shoulder Extension • latissimusdorsi • teres major • long head of triceps • posterior fibers of the deltoid

  7. Shoulder Abduction • True abduction: supraspinatus (first 15 degrees), deltoid • Upward rotation: trapezius, serratus anterior

  8. Shoulder Adduction • Downward rotation: pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, latissimusdorsi • True Adduction: same as downward rotation with addition of teres major and the lowest fibers of the deltoid

  9. Internal Rotation • Subscapularis • Latissimusdorsi • Teres major • Pectoralis major • Anterior fibers of deltoid

  10. External Rotation • Infraspinatus • Teres minor • Posterior fibers of deltoid

  11. Elevation/Depression • Depression • pectoralisminor • lower fibers of the trapezius • subclavius • latissimusdorsi • Elevation • levatorscapulae • the upper fibers of the trapezius

  12. Protraction/Retraction • Retraction • rhomboid major and minor • trapezius • Protraction • serratusanterior • pectoralisminor and major

  13. Rotator Cuff • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Subscapularis

  14. Muscle Force Couple • Two equal forces acting in opposite directions to rotate a part around its axis • During shoulder abduction, the rotator cuff is pulling down on the humeral head while the deltoid is lifting the arm.

  15. Muscle Weakness • Most athletes have strong anterior shoulder muscles but weak posterior shoulder muscles • This imbalance causes forward shoulder and other shoulder injuries

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