WORK AND MOTIVATION

WORK AND MOTIVATION Responsibility (Employers vs. Employees)

What I need is someone who will make me do What I can (Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) American philosopher and poet)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT WORK MOTIVATION • individual differences • job characteristics • organisational practises

STRATEGIES FOR RAISING JOB SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) • improving work conditions and security • increasing the worker’s responsibility • providing financial stability • enhancing the worker’s sense of self- worth • providing opportunities for social relationships within the organisation

Good motivationresults in  more productive environment  higher competitiveness  higher profitability

Employees • like work or • have to be forced

Managers motivate • good remuneration: (salary, commission, bonuses, perks) • sick pay / pension • good working relations • good working conditions • job security / job safety • promotion • challenging job • responsibility • contact with people • opportunities to travel • long holidays / vacations MK: p: 15 – Discussion – Which statements do you agree with?

Motivation theories • Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs” • Douglas McGregor: Theory X / Theory Y • Frederick Herzberg: The motivation to Work a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers” b) “ motivators”

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y a) Theory X - traditional approach - people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition - motivated only by money - they have to be threatened and rewarded/need discipline, control - most people are incapable of taking responsibility - managers are authoritarian (direct everything, from the top down)

2. Theory Y- more progressive - workers are motivated by many needs, they like work - people can take responsibility (prefer to participate in decision- making, like autonomy) - managers should trust workers and help them do their best, team-oriented, organise communication channels and listen to their subordinates’ opinions

3. Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors Needs of workers: a) Satisfiers (hygiene factors/ to keep workers contented: - clean, quiet and safe working conditions - adequate rest breaks - good labour relations - good wages and benefits - job security

b) Motivators(encourage to do their best) - praise from managers - career advancement - more responsibility (If the hygiene factors are poor then the motivating factors won’t work)

Is it true or false? 1.Theory X and Theory Y are theories of leadership. True/False 2.Theory X is more traditional description of management. True/False 3.Theory Y - managers tell workers what they want True/False 4. Theory X - managers are authoritarian. True/False 5. Theory Y - workers are lazy and don’t wantto work. True/False 6. For Theory X workers, work is natural.True/False 7. Theory Y working relationships are open, communicative and creative. T/F MK: p: 17 – Comprehension – True or false? 18 - Vocabulary

Complete the three definitions of motivationbehaves, drives, effort, outcomes, reach, willingness • Motivation is what ______________ us to try to ____________ certain goals. • Motivation is a decision-making process through which a person chooses desired ____________ and _________in ways that will lead to acquiring them. • Motivation is the _____________to make the __________ to achieve certain goals.

Read the following text and answer the questions: • What are extrinsic rewards? • What are intrinsic rewards related to? • What are the four intrinsic rewards? • What is the sense of meaningfulness and why is it important?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Uf7C7rr1O8 • What motivates staff to perform better in work? • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

WORK AND MOTIVATION