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Rupert et al. fig 21-23. Collembola. Thysanura. Ephemeroptera. Odonata. Neoptera. “Apterygota”. Pterygota. Entognatha. Insecta. Hexapoda. Collembola (springtails). Class Insecta. Apterygota – silverfish and fire brats Pterygota – everything else.
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Rupert et al. fig 21-23 Collembola Thysanura Ephemeroptera Odonata Neoptera “Apterygota” Pterygota Entognatha Insecta Hexapoda
Class Insecta Apterygota – silverfish and fire brats Pterygota – everything else
Order OdonataDragonflies and Damselflies Fossils data back 300 my Some had wingspan of 720mm
On-line identification key: http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/bio/insects/drgnfly/idkey/1.htm Dragonfly (Anisoptera) Damselfly (zygoptera)
Together with the mayflies form the paleoptera • Cannot fold wings onto back, wings finely veined • Aquatic, hemimetabolous larva (wings evolved from modified gills?)
Odonata • Voracious predators as larvae and adults • Larvae are dominant predator in fishless systems • Adults usually found near water • Food availability • Territories for mating, oviposition sites
Neoptera (= new wings) • Can fold their wings flat onto their back • Wing venation reduced, simplified
O. Plecoptera (pleco=stone) • Larvae found in clean flowing water (used as important indicators of water quality) • Larvae are predators, scavengers • adults feed little, if at all, live for only a few days
Orders Orthoptera, Phasmida, Grylloblatteria, Dermaptera • = the orthopteroids, the lower neoptera • Polyphyletic group united by similarity in mouthparts and great abundance of malpighian tubules
Orthoptera: ortho=perpendicular • Very common, have jumping legs • Some are important crop pests • Have well-developed organs for sound detection and production (mating calls) Ear
Phasmida • Extraordinary mimics of vegetation • Can be parthenogenic • Sold as pets!
O. Grylloblattaria – ice bugs and rock crawlers • Gryllus = cricket-like • Blattaria = cockroach-like • Wingless • Thought to be ancestral to Orthoptera and Blatteria
O. Dermaptera = earwigs • Common earwig = European import • Leathery forewings, membranous hindwings • omnivorous
Zoraptera • Tropical • Live in rotting wood • Eat fungal hyphae, tiny arthropods • Poorly studied