Today’s Materials

1. Today’s Materials • Interactive Notebook • ½ Sheet of loose-leaf paper (warm up/exit) • Pen or Pencil • Thinking brain! • Notebook set up is below DateTopic/Activity Page # 1.31.14 Interactions in an Ecosystem 70 *then go to page70and title your page!*

2. Warm Up • How are changes in populations related to the availability of an ecosystem's resources? • Large populations need the same amount of resources as small populations. • Changes in population are independent of the availability of an ecosystem's resources. • As populations grow, ecosystems produce more resources in order to support the larger population. • Population sizes are limited by the amount of resources that are available. • Many people want to live in urban areas. One of the main factors that limits the number of people that can live in an area is • the amount of space that is available to build shelter. • the amount of public transportation that is available. • the location of schools, churches, and libraries. • the number of people who don't want to live in an area

3. Today’s Investigation Topics we’ll Cover: Interactions in an ecosystem Activities we’ll do: • Guided Notes • Video Case Studies (multiple) • Classification activity

4. Let’s look at the big picture… • Tell me what you remember about matter aka “stuff” and energy? • Hint: It can never be ______ or _____. Only ___________________________________. Over a long period of time, matter is transferred between organisms as well as between organisms & their environment.

5. Interactions • How doORGANISMS in anECOSYSTEM interact? • ORGANISMS in an ecosystem interact with plants, animals and theirENVIRONMENT. • INTERACTIONS can cause populations toINCREASE or DECREASE. • INTERACTIONS can also cause theECOSYSTEM to change.

6. Stability • What is a stableECOSYSTEM? • A stableECOSYSTEM is one in which thePOPULATION and resources change in aPREDICTABLE manner. • In a stableECOSYSTEM, there is healthy balance betweenPREDATOR and PREY.

7. Predation • What isPREDATION? • AnINTERACTION species in whichPREDATORS eat PREY. • This healthyRELATIONSHIP balances the populations within anECOSYSTEM. • Example:lions eating gazelles in a grassland regulate the number ofgazelles in the grassland.

8. Impact of Predation • How does thePREDATOR/ prey relationship affect POPULATION ? • If the number of prey in aPOPULATION increases then the number ofPREDATORS will also increase. • If the number ofPREDATORS decreases, then the number of prey willINCREASE.

9. Competition • What isCOMPETITION? • When species within anECOSYSTEM compete for the sameRESOURCES. • Organisms in anECOSYSTEM compete for: • FOOD • WATER • SPACE • Example: In the ocean, dolphins, whales and large fish all compete for smaller fish.

10. Symbiotic Relationships • Symbiosis = __________________________ • Sym = same time, together • Bio = life • Co-exist: synonym or antonym? • Cooperate means ___________________ _______________________________________ Living together in a close environment To work together towards a common end goal or purpose (think group work)

11. Attack of the Killer Fungi! • Cordyceps - Planet Earth • Make note: • Is an organism benefiting? • Is an organism being harmed? • Can you connect this type of relationship to something you have already learned?

12. The 3 symbiotic relationships • A. Mutualism (+/+) • Both organisms benefit • B. Parasitism(+/-) • 1 organsism benefits, another is harmed • C. Commensalism(+/o) • 1 organism benefits, other is unaffected

13. Let’s recall… Commensalism Mutualism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism benefits Parasitism one organism is harmed one organism is unaffected

14. Mutualism Both organisms benefit from interaction Organism One Organism Two

15. Anemone & Clown Fish This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Clown fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemonescan eat.

16. Commensalism One organism benefits, the other is not affected. Organism One Organism Two

17. Shark & Remora The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills. The shark doesn’t get anything.

18. Parasitism One organism benefits and the other organism (host) is harmed Organism One Organism Two

19. Loa Loa Worm & Human This worm infects the human blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result.

20. Cooperation Working together so all organisms benefit

21. Ants! Despite having different jobs, all ants work together for the good of their colony.

22. Competition • Fighting for resources- food, water, shelter, mates

23. Red Deer During mating season, red deer males will get in many fights to be considered the best male for the females to mate.

24. Predation One animal hunts, the other is the food

25. Predation The killer whale swims beneath the seals and then goes up towards the surface, scooping part of the seal in its mouth.

26. What kind of interaction? You will see real life examples of the interactions addressed in the powerpoint.

27. Honey bees Honey bees have specific roles to complete for the success of the colony. cooperation What interaction is this?

28. Boxer Crab & Anemones This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply. mutualism What interaction is this?

29. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind. commensalism What interaction is this?

30. The Purple Sea Star competition The purple sea star consistently feeds on the barnacles that are the greatest number. They all feed on the same type of barnacles. What interaction is this?

31. Cattle & Cattle Egrets As these cattle walk around eating grass they stirup lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects. What interaction is this? commensalism

32. Antelope & Ox Bird This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid of parasites. What interaction is this? mutualism

33. Dragonflies and mosquitoes predation Dragonflies eat mosquito larvae and fully mature mosquitoes. What interaction is this?

34. Goby and Alpheid Shrimp This alpheid shrimp (on the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow mutualism What interaction is this?

35. Exit Ticket 1. A tick has caused a dog to be diagnosed with Lyme disease. What type of relationship would this suggest exists between the tick and the dog? a. mutualism b. parasitism c. commensalism d. adaptive Read the following passage to answer the following 2 questions: The Green Algae grows on a Tree Sloth. The Green Algae protects and camouflages the Tree Sloth like a suit of armor. 2. What is this symbiotic relationship? a. Mutualism b. Parasitism c. Commensalism d. Symbiosis 3. What would happen to the population of each species? a. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth increases b. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth stays the same c. Green Algae stays the same; Tree Sloth increases d. Green Algae decreases; Tree Sloth decreases