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GENETIC TECHNOLOGY

GENETIC TECHNOLOGY. HONORS BIOLOGY 2A Motzko. Constantine Fahlberg - Saccharin (1879). James Schlatter - Aspartame (1965). Percy Spencer -Microwave Oven (1945). John Harvey Kellogg - Corn Flakes (1899). Alexander Fleming - Penicillin (1927).

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GENETIC TECHNOLOGY

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  1. GENETIC TECHNOLOGY HONORS BIOLOGY 2A Motzko

  2. Constantine Fahlberg - Saccharin (1879)

  3. James Schlatter - Aspartame (1965)

  4. Percy Spencer -Microwave Oven (1945)

  5. John Harvey Kellogg - Corn Flakes (1899)

  6. Alexander Fleming - Penicillin (1927)

  7. Werner Arber(1969)1st To Isolate Restriction Endonucleases (Enzymes)

  8. Restriction Endonucleases

  9. Restriction Endonucleases • Enzymes that cut DNA at specific locations on the strand known as restriction sites • Naturally produced by bacteria to protect them against viruses • Restriction sites differ depending upon the sequence of nucleotides • When restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand they can leave either “blunt ends” or unpaired nucleotides called “sticky ends”

  10. Restriction Enzymes digest/“cut” the restriction sites on DNA strands based upon specific 3D structure

  11. Sticky Ends Allow Restriction Enyzmes To Assist In The Creation Of Recombinant DNA

  12. Boyer & Cohen (1973) – First to create recombinant DNA using restriction enzymes

  13. Splicing The Genes Into The Plasmid

  14. pGLO Plasmid

  15. APPLICATIONS OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES • Genetic Recombination/Creating of Genetically Modified Organsisms (GMO’s) • DNA Fingerprinting • Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) • Microarray Chips Contructed Using Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

  16. PART ONE: DNA FINGERPRINTING

  17. PART 2 Polymerase Chain Reactions

  18. Why Use PCR? • Allows for amplification of genes for use in recombinant DNA (gene splicing) or isolation of sequences in DNA fingerprinting

  19. Required Ingredients For PCR • DNA • Primers (short sequences) • Taq Polymerase • Thermal Cycler

  20. PART 3: Microarrays and GWAS

  21. PART FOUR: CLONING

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