Chapter 5: Sensation

1. Chapter 5: Sensation Sensational The better to hear you with. Theories and Concepts The Eyes Have It Amazing! 100

2. 1. Cones are different from rods in that: • A) rods respond to color. • B) cones respond to color. • C) cones need less light. • D) B and C are true.

3. 2. The center of the retina is the ___ and has mostly ___. • A) fovea; cones • B) fovea; rods • C) blind spot; ganglion cells • D) optic disk; nerves

4. 3. The lens thins or thickens to focus light in a process known as: • A) visual sharpening. • B) lens bending. • C) accommodation. • D) optic chiasm.

5. 4. Weber’s law has to do with the ___ of a stimulus. • A) absolute threshold • B) just noticeable difference • C) subliminal threshold • D) sensory adaptation

6. If someone is severely damaged in the left visual cortex, they would be unable to see: • A) anything in their left eye. • B) anything in their right eye. • C) anything in their right visual field. • D) anything in their left visual field.

7. 6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to ___. • A) pitch; loudness • B) loudness; pitch • C) pitch; timbre • D) decibels; hertz

8. 7. The sequence of hearing is in the order of: • A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear. • B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner ear. • C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal, cochlea. • D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea.

9. 8. Normal conversation (60 decibels) is ___ times louder than a 20 decibel whisper. • A) 3 • B) 10,000 • C) 100 • D) 3,000

10. 9. The ___ has the sensory receptors for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like fibers. • A) ear canal • B) stirrup • C) basilar membrane • D) tympanic membrane

11. 10. Nerve deafness: • A) can be caused by exposure to amplitude over 80 decibels. • B) can be corrected by a hearing aid. • C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than by a rock concert. • D) all of the above.

12. 11. Unlike other senses, the sense of ___ does not travel to the thalamus, but goes directly to the cerebral cortex. • A) gustation • B) olfaction • C) vestibular • D) kinesthesia

13. 12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___. • A) wet; rough • B) hot; bitter • C) spicy; acrid • D) bitter; umami

14. 13. The kinesthetic sense involves: • A) the sense of balance or equilibrium. • B) the sense of pain. • C) the location and position of body parts in relation to each other. • D) hair-like receptor cells in the semicircular canals.

15. 14. The gate-control theory has to do with: • A) how the brain regulates pain. • B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel more acutely. • C) providing information about body position and movement. • D) difference thresholds in the sense of touch.

16. 15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg beneath the knee, he often experiences great pain in his left foot. This is known as: • A) psychosomatic pain. • B) phantom limb pain. • C) substance P overload. • D) ineffective pain gate.

17. 16. Analyzing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of data is called: • A) sensory processing. • B) bottom-up processing. • C) natural order integration. • D) informational flow.

18. 17. The minimum stimulus necessary to detect it 50% of the time is called the: • A) central tendency. • B) minimum flash point. • C) absolute threshold. • D) sensory half-life.

19. 18. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal advertising during the previews. You tell him: • A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work. • B) he needs to do it several times. • C) he must accompany it with a bell. • D) he has to time it differently for it to work on different people.

20. 19. According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, the retina contains color receptors: • A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green, blue/yellow, black/white. • B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and blue. • C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and yellow. • D) none of the above.

21. 20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us to notice much of a difference, how much would a $20,000 car have to increase for us to notice? • A) $2,000 • B) $200 • C) $5,000 • D) $1,000

22. 21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural hearing loss.  His best chance of correcting his hearing is by: • A) a hearing aid. • B) using bone conduction. • C) a cochlear implant. • D) any of the above would be helpful.

23. 22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and level of alertness. • A) Stimulus-response • B) Choice pattern recognition • C) Signal detection • D) Sensory consolidation

24. 23. In nearsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye: • A) fail to focus in the eye. • B) focus in front of the retina. • C) focus behind the retina. • D) always register as a blur.

25. 24: The blind spot does not normally impair vision because: • A) the eyes are constantly moving • B) what one eye misses the other sees. • C) our brain fills in the spaces. • D) all of the above.

26. 25. Unlike computers, our brain is able to perform several operations at once, called: • A) sensory redundancy. • B) serial processing. • C) cognitive flow. • D) parallel processing.

27. Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

28. 1. Cones are different from rods in that: • A) rods respond to color. • B) cones respond to color. • C) cones need less light. • D) B and C are true. 208

29. 2. The center of the retina is the ___ and has mostly ___. • A) fovea; cones • B) fovea; rods • C) blind spot; ganglion cells • D) optic disk; nerves 207

30. 3. The lens thins or thickens to focus light in a process known as: • A) visual sharpening. • B) lens bending. • C) accommodation. • D) optic chiasm. 205

31. 4. Weber’s law has to do with the ___ of a stimulus. • A) absolute threshold • B) just noticeable difference • C) subliminal threshold • D) sensory adaptation 202

32. If someone is severely damaged in the left visual cortex, they would be unable to see: • A) anything in their left eye. • B) anything in their right eye. • C) anything in their right visual field. • D) anything in their left visual field. 208

33. 6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to ___. • A) pitch; loudness • B) loudness; pitch • C) pitch; timbre • D) decibels; hertz 216

34. 7. The sequence of hearing is in the order of: • A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear. • B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner ear. • C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal, cochlea. • D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea. 217

35. 8. Normal conversation (60 decibels) is ___ times louder than a 20 decibel whisper. • A) 3 • B) 10,000 • C) 100 • D) 3,000 216

36. 9. The ___ has the sensory receptors for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like fibers. • A) ear canal • B) stirrup • C) basilar membrane • D) tympanic membrane 217

37. 10. Nerve deafness: • A) can be caused by exposure to amplitude over 80 decibels. • B) can be corrected by a hearing aid. • C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than by a rock concert. • D) all of the above. 216

38. 11. Unlike other senses, the sense of ___ does not travel to the thalamus, but goes directly to the cerebral cortex. • A) gustation • B) olfaction • C) vestibular • D) kinesthesia 231

39. 12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___. • A) wet; rough • B) hot; bitter • C) spicy; acrid • D) bitter; umami 229

40. 13. The kinesthetic sense involves: • A) the sense of balance or equilibrium. • B) the sense of pain. • C) the location and position of body parts in relation to each other. • D) hair-like receptor cells in the semicircular canals. 233

41. 14. The gate-control theory has to do with: • A) how the brain regulates pain. • B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel more acutely. • C) providing information about body position and movement. • D) difference thresholds in the sense of touch. 227

42. 15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg beneath the knee, he often experiences great pain in his left foot. This is known as: • A) psychosomatic pain. • B) phantom limb pain. • C) substance P overload. • D) ineffective pain gate. 227

43. 16. Analyzing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of data is called: • A) sensory processing. • B) bottom-up processing. • C) natural order integration. • D) informational flow. 197

44. 17. The minimum stimulus necessary to detect it 50% of the time is called the: • A) central tendency. • B) minimum flash point. • C) absolute threshold. • D) sensory half-life. 199

45. 18. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal advertising during previews. You tell him: • A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work. • B) he needs to do it several times. • C) he must accompany it with a bell. • D) he has to time it differently for it to work on different people. 201

46. 19. According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, the retina contains color receptors: • A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green, blue/yellow, black/white. • B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and blue. • C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and yellow. • D) none of the above. 198

47. 20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us to notice much of a difference, how much would a $20,000 car have to increase for us to notice? • A) $2,000 • B) $200 • C) $5,000 • D) $1,000 204

48. 21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural hearing loss.  His best chance of correcting his hearing is by: • A) a hearing aid. • B) using bone conduction. • C) a cochlear implant. • D) any of the above would be helpful. 200

49. 22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and level of alertness. • A) Stimulus-response • B) Choice pattern recognition • C) Signal detection • D) Sensory consolidation 199

50. 23. In nearsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye: • A) fail to focus in the eye. • B) focus in front of the retina. • C) focus behind the retina. • D) always register as a blur. 206