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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Honors Biology. Introduction. Glands that transmit chemical messengers throughout the body Hormones: chemical messengers Circulate through body Affect many body cells. GLAND TYPES. Gland: organ made of cells that secrete materials

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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  1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Honors Biology

  2. Introduction • Glands that transmit chemical messengers throughout the body • Hormones: chemical messengers • Circulate through body • Affect many body cells

  3. GLAND TYPES • Gland: organ made of cells that secrete materials • Exocrine glands: secrete nonhormonal chemicals into ducts and transport to locations inside and outside the body; i.e. sweat, mucous, saliva, digestive • Endocrine glands: ductless and throughout body; secrete hormones into bloodstream through fluid surrounding cells

  4. HORMONE TYPES • Hormones: • Compounds that are secreted into bloodstream and affect activity of distant cells • Diffuse into blood • 2 Categories • Amino acid-base hormones: derived from amino acids (epinephrine) • Steroid hormones: lipids derived from cholesterol (estrogen and testosterone)

  5. HORMONE ACTION • Each hormone only affects certain cells called target cells

  6. PROSTAGLANDINS • Group of hormone like lipids • Regulate cell activities • Not made by specific endocrine glands • Made by cells throughout body • Made and travel locally

  7. ENDOCRINE GLANDS • JIGSAW ACTIVITY • Pituitary Glands • Thyroid Gland • Adrenal Gland • Gonads • Pancreas (done for you)

  8. OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS • Thymus Gland: • Located beneath sternum and between lungs • Development of immune system and T cells • Pineal Gland: • Near base of brain • Secretes melatonin; cycle regulate sleep patterns

  9. OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS • Parathyroid Glands • 4 parathyroid glands • Back of thyroid gland • Secrete parathyroid hormone: Increase concentration of calcium ions in blood • Digestive (in walls) • Gastrin: stimulates release of digestive enzymes • Secretin: in small intestine; stimulates release of digestive enzymes from pancreas and bile from liver

  10. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS • Last step of a series controls the first step • Negative: shuts off • Positive: makes more (going into labor!) • Homeostasis • Insulin and glucagon work together to balance blood glucose • Antagonistic hormones

  11. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

  12. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK • Final step inhibits first step; thermostat • Example: • Hypothalamus secretes LH releasing hormone • Stimulates LH from anterior pituitary • LH released into blood and transported • LH binds to target cells in tests • Stimulate cAMP production • Stimulate testosterone secretion • Testosterone binds to target cells • If high testosterone concentration; LH releasing hormone is inhibited

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