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Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud. Linda Zimmerman Professor of Psychology and Student Development Oakton Community College. Background. born in 1856 born in Austria, family moved to Vienna oldest brother with five sisters - then a baby brother only son for many years accorded special privileges in family.

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Sigmund Freud

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  1. Sigmund Freud Linda Zimmerman Professor of Psychology and Student Development Oakton Community College

  2. Background • born in 1856 • born in Austria, family moved to Vienna • oldest brother with five sisters - then a baby brother • only son for many years • accorded special privileges in family

  3. Parents Mother - daughter of a famous scholar - believed Freud was destined to greatness Father - local merchant, agnostic, and free thinker - seen as critical and threatening by Freud

  4. EDUCATION • trained at U.of Vienna Medical School • aspired to an academic career in research, but couldn’t get appointment • turned to clinical medicine and specialized in the nervous system • 1885, received grant to study psychological disorders

  5. The Unconscious Mind • developed to idea of an unconscious mind • compared the human mind to an iceberg

  6. I. Topographic Model A. Unconscious B. Preconscious C. Perceptual Conscious

  7. UnconsciousThe Deepest Layer or Systemmental events actively kept out of conscious awareness by mental barrier or psychic force • conflict and anxiety • rape • divorce • death • peer interactions • school traumas • shame and/or guilt

  8. PreconsciousMiddle Layer or SystemMental events not currently conscious but not associated with intrapsychic conflict • can be brought to conscious focus by remembering - phone numbers - names, dates, places - music - faces

  9. Perceptual ConsciousMost Surface Layer or SystemCurrently conscious mental events • Your birthday • Your parents’, siblings, boyfriend, girlfriend’s names • Your favorite music • What you had for breakfast • Your phone number

  10. II. Structural Model of Personality A. Id B. Ego C. Superego

  11. Id • Only mental system present at birth • encompasses all inherited personality • wants pleasure/immediate gratification • all of our energy comes through the id • too much = psychopathology

  12. Ego • interacts directly with real, external world • mediates between id and external environment • is the policeman of our mind • balances us and keeps id and superego in check

  13. Superego • contains moral standards and value systems “shoulds” • develops out of ego by parental teaching • acts as a conscience (or “ego ideal”) • too much = neurosis, anxiety, depression

  14. Oral Stage birth - 18 months old Anal Stage 18 months - 3 years Phallic Stage 3 years - 6 years Latency Stage 6 years - 12 years Genital Stage 12 years - adult PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES

  15. Oral Stagebirth to 18 months old Pleasure through eating, sucking, and oral cavity Two parts: 1. Child realizes dependence on others and ego forms (trust) 2. Child is weaned from breast or bottle

  16. Oral Stage continued • weaning may frustrate the child because he/she must learn to bite and chew • weaning may be interpreted as a sign of rejection • children may actually spit out the food note: Freud associated adult traits with this stage such as gullibility, acquisitiveness, argumentativeness and “biting scarcasm”.

  17. Anal Stage18 months to 3 years Parents pressure child to become toilet trained: • overabundance of praise, rewards = overly creative traits • rigid, negative, and punitive = stingy, stubborn, cruel, destructive, messy (anal retantive or expulsive)

  18. Phallic Stage3 to 6 years old • awareness of pleasurable sensations associated with manipulating the genitals • awareness of differences between men and women - in behavior and anatomy

  19. Phallic Stage Girls • upsurge in libido focused upon genitals • observes boy’s penis, feels inferior • blames her mother • turns to her father for substitute (boy baby) • identification with mother Problem: “daddy’s girl” -if father prefers daughter to mother, daughter can’t separate

  20. Phallic Stage Boys • upsurge in libido focused upon genitals • desire for mother, wish to get rid of father, but fear of his power • identification with father and repression of earlier desire for mother • desire changes to a woman like mom Problem: “mama’s boy” - if mother prefers boy to the father, son can’t separate

  21. Latency Stageages 6 years to 12 years • sexual drives and impulses become inactive • maturation of the ego • consolidation of the superego • energy channeled into friendships and mastering the environment

  22. Genital Stageages 13 years through life • adolescents struggle for balance between dependency and independence • healthy adults have capacity to work and play creatively and efficiently toward meaningful goals

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