Overview of IEEE Voting Standards

1. RESNA Accessibility in the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) Washington, D.C. OverviewofIEEE Voting Standards Stephen Berger Chair, IEEE SCC 38 – Voting Standards &Project 1583 – Evaluation of Voting Equipment

2. IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers • Largest Technical Society • 377,000 member • 150 countries • 44 Societies and Entities • Publishes 30% of all technical literature

3. IEEEStandards Association • Globally recognized standards setting body • 870 Completed Standards • 400 Standards in Development • ANSI & IEC Recognized

4. Standards Coordinating Committees • Reports directly to the IEEE-SA Standards Board • Comprised of standards development sponsors from broad disciplines and interests • Provides structure for liaison with non-IEEE entities • Can have liaison representation to the IEEE-SA Standards Board • Activity on Voting Equipment Standard is under this umbrella (SCC38)

5. IEEEStandards Coordinating Committee 38Voting System Standards • 15 cooperating entities • 2 Current Projects • P1583 – Voting Equipment • P1622 – Electronic Data Interchange

6. Participation • SCC 38 – 28 Members • P1583 Working Group • 41 – Active members • 124 – Participants • 165 – Total Participation • 7 Countries Represented

7. SCC 38 Participants • IEEE Societies responding to date • Computer • Control Systems • Reliability • Electromagnetic Compatibility • Engineering Management • Social Implications of Technology • Professional Communications

8. SCC 38 Participation • Non-IEEE Organizations Participating • National Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers • Association of Access Engineering Specialists • Human Factors and Ergonomics Society • ASTM International(formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) • Information Systems Security Association • International Committee on Systems Engineering • US Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board • Federal Election Commission • National Association of State Election Directors

9. IEEE Project 1583 Scope: Develop a standard for the evaluation of election voting equipment. Purpose: Develop an evaluation standard for election voting equipment. The standard will provide technical specifications for electronic, mechanical, and human factors that can be used by manufacturers of voting machines or by those purchasing such machines. The tests and criteria developed will assure equipment: · Confidentiality, · Security, · Reliability, · Accuracy, · Usability, · Accessibility.

10. Task Groups • System Architecture • Security/Confidentiality • Accessibility/Usability • Reliability • Electromagnetic Compatibility Additional Task Groups to be Formed as Needed

11. Balloting / Schedule • Schedule to ballot remaining sections • November 2002 – June 2003 • SCC 38 Ballot • June 2003 • Submission to Standards Board • July 2003

12. Schedule

13. IEEE Project 1622Standard for Voting Equipment Data Interchange Scope: This project will develop electronic data interchange formats to be used by components of the voting system for exchange of electronic data. Purpose: The "Voting System" is composed of a number of components, the voter registration system, the candidate filing process, the petition system, ballot definition, voting, tabulations and reporting systems. This standard will develop standard data interchange formats to allow the exchange and interoperability of these various systems.

14. Imperative Principles of the Standards Process Developing standards is a: • quasi-legal • Voluntary • Consensus process

15. Imperative Principles of the Standards Process • Due Process • Openness • Consensus • Balance • Right of Appeal

16. Due Process Operational Definition • Develop operating procedures • Publish and make procedures available • Follow procedures

17. Due Process The IEEE is an ANSI Accredited Standards Development Organization • ANSI approves operating procedures • ANSI reviews and provides for public comment of IEEE standards • ANSI audits IEEE process

18. Due Process cont. Hierarchy of Documents • Not-for-Profit Corporation Law of the State of New York • IEEE Constitution • IEEE Bylaws (includes IEEE Standards Association Bylaws) • IEEE Policies and Procedures • IEEE Board of Directors Resolutions • IEEE Standards Association Operations Manual

19. Due Process cont. Hierarchy of Documents (cont.) • IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws • IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual • IEEE Standards Style Manual • IEEE Standards Companion • IEEE Sponsor Operating Procedures • Robert's Rules of Order

20. Openness • Everyone has access to the process • Make information and actions publicly available for examination • Include all materially interested and affected parties • Avoid antitrust situations/appearance of collusion • Opportunity to participate does not necessarily mean membership or a vote

21. Consensus • Agreement among the majority • Not unanimity • Defined in the IEEE balloting rules as at least 75% of the ballots must be returned and of those at least 75% must approve to become a standard

22. Consensus cont’d The Challenge • Approve and publish expeditiously • Obligation to majority versus • Obligation to the minority • Attempt to resolve comments

23. Balance • Representation from all materially interested and affected parties • Lack of dominance by any one category • Common categories: Producer, user, and general interest • Ideal to maintain balance throughout development • Encourage participation (corresponding member) • Mandatory for balloting

24. Right of Appeal • The right to take steps to have a case heard • Follow policies and procedures • Bases of appeal can be: • Technical (within sponsor) • Procedural

25. For more information • Training—Module Series for standards committees • http://standards.ieee.org/faqs/ltpres.html • SCC 38http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc38 • P1583http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc38/1583 • Contact: Stephen Berger at stephen.berger@ieee.org