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For a Political Revolution to Begin…

For a Political Revolution to Begin…. There must be the 5 As. 1. At least two opposing sides 2. Access to weapons 3. Aims expressed in a slogan 4. Accomplished leaders 5. Ailments present socially, economically, and politically

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For a Political Revolution to Begin…

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  1. For a Political Revolution to Begin…

  2. There must be the 5 As • 1. At least two opposing sides • 2. Access to weapons • 3. Aims expressed in a slogan • 4. Accomplished leaders • 5. Ailmentspresent socially, economically, and politically • How does this fit from what you know of the American Revolution?

  3. For a Revolution to be successful • The aims of the Revolution need to be defined and propagandized. • The leaders must have a social and educational background that allows them to hold the subsequent government together. • They must be able to produce a framework and a coalition for a new government. • The degree of the opposition can't be too great • The problems that caused the revolution to occur must be resolved. How does this fit with what you know of the American Revolution?

  4. The political spectrum (TRADITIONAL) ExtremeExtreme • LiberalModerate Conservative

  5. The Political Spectrum (in reality) Moderate Liberal Conservative. EXTREME

  6. The French Revolution 2. Moderate Phase of the Revolution – Changes begin 3. New Enlightened forms of government 1. Monarchy 6. Emperor for Life 4. Murder of the King 5. Reign of Terror

  7. The French Revolution- Origins • The French Revolution • The French Revolution, which occurred in the 1780’s and 90’s was the overthrow of the monarchy. • It greatly changed the Western world by influencing the formation of Republican Governments.

  8. The French Revolution- Origins • Factors which led to the French Revolution • 1. Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy. • 2. Heavy taxation on the commoners but not the nobility • 3. Absolutism’s total control of the people • 4. The extreme spending of the Bourbons • 5. Famine in the 1780’s • 6. The Estate System

  9. Causes of the French Revolution!

  10. The French Revolution- Origins • The Estate System

  11. Estates • Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes: "What is the Third Estate? • Read and Annotate • Answer questions (HW)

  12. The French Revolution- Origins • The Third Estate can be subdivided into three groups: • The Bourgeoisie- Merchants, artisans, traders, professionals. Many were educated and had read works of the Enlightenment. • The City Workers- Laborers, apprentices, and domestic servants. • The Peasants- Poor farmers. Made up 80% of France’s population. About half their income was taken in the form of taxes.

  13. The French Revolution- Origins • The Estate System What does this cartoon mean?

  14. The French Revolution- Origins • The Royal Family • When the Revolution began, France was ruled by the Bourbon King Louis XVI and his wife Queen Marie Antoinette. • Louis was an ineffective ruler and his wife was a Habsburg. • Both were unpopular.

  15. Clip… Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

  16. The French Revolution- Origins • Royal Spending- Despite debt, the Royal Family spent lavishly on themselves. In fact, Marie Antoinette became known as “Madame Deficit” because of her expensive tastes.

  17. The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 • Estates General of 1789 • By 1789, the French Government was broke. • Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General at Versailles on March 5, 1789. • It was the first in 175 years. • He hoped to gain popular approval for a tax on the nobility.

  18. The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 • Rules of the Estates General: • Medieval rules stated that the Estates meet separately • Each Estate had one vote. The First and Second Estate could outvote the Third Estate (97 % of the population) • Representative from the Third Estate were educated Bourgeoisie

  19. The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 • The National Assembly • The Third Estate asked that each delegate gets one vote. • This meant that the Third Estate could outvote the First and Second. • When they were denied, they decided to form the National Assembly which they declared was the true representatives of France.

  20. The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 • The Tennis Court Oath • In response, the First and Second Estates locked the Third Estate out of the Estates General. • So the delegates of the Third Estate broke into an indoor tennis court at Versailles. • There they pledged to make a new constitution.

  21. The French Revolution: The Estates General of 1789 • The Tennis Court Oath

  22. The French Revolution- The Bastille • The Storming of the Bastille • Rumors reached Paris that the King would use force to stop the National Assembly. • A mob formed and stormed the Bastille—a French Prison and Armory. • They stole weapons and prepared to revolt against the king. • Seen as the beginning of the Revolution.

  23. The French Revolution- The Bastille • The Storming of the Bastille is seen as the birth of the French Republic. Every July 14, the French celebrate Bastille Day which is like the Fourth of July.

  24. The French Revolution- The Great Fear • The Great Fear • Soon peasants began to rebel in most French towns and cities. • Rumors began to fly that the nobles were building armies designed to destroy the uprising. • Mobs began to terrorize and burn down noble homes and manors.

  25. The French Revolution- The Great Fear • In October of 1789, a mob of mostly women descended on Versailles demanding cheaper bread.They raided the Palace and the mob forced the royal family to return to Paris.

  26. The French Revolution- The Reforms of the National Assembly • In 1789, the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This outlined the ideals of the Revolution and was inspired by the Enlightenment. P-Source: Declaration of the Rights of Man

  27. The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly • "Liberté, égalité, fraternité"

  28. The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly • The Assembly then took over the Church and sold off its wealth to pay for Frances debt. The made the priesthood a state job. • Question: How could this create divisions in the Revolution?

  29. The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly • In June of 1791, the royal family attempted to escape to the Netherlands. They were caught and then placed under house arrest.

  30. The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly • The Legislative Assembly • In September of 1791, the National Assembly created the Legislative Assembly. • This was the French version of Parliament. • In doing so they made the French government a constitutional monarchy.

  31. The French Revolution- Factions • Factions of the Revolution outside of the Assembly • Emigres- Nobles who fled to other countries who attempted to use their influence to undo the Revolution • Sans Culottes- (without knee breeches) Poor workers who were not in the Assembly but sought to influence the new French Government through mob action.

  32. The French Revolution- Factions • The Sans Culottes

  33. The French Revolution- Factions • Emigres

  34. The French Revolution- France at War • France declares War on Prussia and Austria • The monarchs of Europe hated the French Revolution. • They feared it would inspire revolutions in their countries. • When they demanded the restoration of Louis or else, France declared war on Prussia and Austria in April of 1792.

  35. The French Revolution- France at War • September Massacres- 1792 • Panic set in as Prussian forces neared Paris. • In response to Prussian demands to restore the old order, mobs raided prisons and murdered the nobles in them. • Then the Legislative Assembly disposed the king—and created the new government the National Convention.

  36. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The panic caused by the war allowed a radical group known as the Jacobins to take control of the convention.

  37. The French Revolution- France at War • The Jacobins called for the execution of anyone who still supported the king. Louis XVI was put on trial. On January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed.

  38. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The Execution of Louis XVI

  39. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The Execution of Marie Antoinette

  40. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The Guillotine- An execution devise used by the French Revolutionaries. They regarded it as a humane execution (although quite gruesome) in comparison to the tortures committed by the monarchy.

  41. The French Revolution- Radicalism • Reading the Death of Jean Paul Marat Jacques Louis David’s Death of Marat

  42. The French Revolution- Radicalism • In order to win the war against Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain and the Netherlands, the National Convention ordered a draft which grew the French ranks of 800,000 including women.

  43. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The Reign of Terror- Summer of 1793 to Summer of 1794. • In order to solidify control, the Jacobins restructured French society, including the removal of Sundays. • They further removed their enemies by using the Committee of Public Safety. • This committee found anyone who disagreed with the Jacobins and executed them.

  44. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The leader of the Jacobins was a man named Maximilien Robespierre. From the Committee of Public Safety, he ruled France as a Dictator.

  45. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The End of the Reign of Terror • Fearing for their own lives, Jacobin leaders turned on Robespierre. • On July 28, 1794, Robespierre was sent to the Guillotine. • The Reign of Terror was over.

  46. The French Revolution- Radicalism • The Execution of Maximilien Robespierre

  47. The French Revolution- Moderation • The Directory- The Revolution changed the government again. It placed most power in the hands of the a bicameral legislature which was composed of middle to upper class moderates.

  48. The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte • Napoleon Bonaparte • Napoleon was a Corsican born French artillery officer. • He had great success defending France from the invasion of European powers. • He became a hero when he won victories in Italy and invaded Egypt.

  49. The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte • Napoleon’s Invasion of Egypt

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