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Strategic Psychological Operations: Achieving Information Superiority

Learn about strategic, operational, tactical, and consolidation PSYOP categories, principles, objectives, tools, and examples. Understand the impact of PSYOP in information warfare.

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Strategic Psychological Operations: Achieving Information Superiority

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  1. College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education PSYOP and Counter PSYOP IW-110

  2. INFORMATION-in-WARFARE INFORMATION WARFARE attack gain exploit defend COUNTERINFORMATION DEFENSIVE COUNTERINFORMATION OFFENSIVE COUNTERINFORMATION Precision Nav & Position Weather ISR Information Assurance Counter- Intelligence PSYOP Physical Attack PAO Other Info Collection/ Dissemination Activities Military Deception Electronic Warfare OPSEC Counter- Propaganda PAO CNA Counter- Deception Electronic Protect CND PAO AFDD 2-5 INFORMATION SUPERIORITY INFORMATION OPERATIONS Successfully executed Information Operations achieve information superiority

  3. Outline • Publications & Players • Definition • Categories & Types • Principles & Objectives • Organization • Environment • Counterpropaganda • Tools • Examples

  4. Key Publications • 1990 PSYOP Master Plan • DoD Directive S3321.1 • Joint Pub 3-53 • Air Force Doctrine Document 2-5.3 • AFI 10-702 • Army FM 3-05.30

  5. HQ AIA/OL-HC (Hulburt Field) HQ AIA Psychological Operations Division, AFIWC, 67th Information Operations Wing, and IW Flights 193rd Special Operations Wing HQ USSOCOM HQ USASOC 2nd Psychological Operations Group 4th Psychological Operations Group 7th Psychological Operations Group The Players

  6. AFDD 2-5.3 Psychological Operations (PSYOP) …planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately their behavior to favor friendly objectives.

  7. PSYOP Categories • Strategic • Operational • Tactical • Consolidation

  8. Strategic PSYOP • Global in scope • Promotes favorable U.S. image • Supports long-term goals • Maintains stability • Directed by National Command Authorities

  9. Operational PSYOP • Targets regional audiences • Gains support • Weakens opposition • Creates concern • Counters enemy propaganda

  10. Tactical PSYOP • Supports cover and concealment • Disrupts local operations • Provides surrender instructions • Limited to short term objectives

  11. Consolidation PSYOP • Supports force protection in potentially hostile environments • Supports U.S. objectives • Maximizes operational freedom • Bolsters foreign internal defense operations

  12. Types of PSYOP • Cohesive • Divisive

  13. Cohesive PSYOP • Develops national unity • Promotes favorable government images • Provides public information • Improves civil-military relations • Counters hostile propaganda • Redirects interests • Unites audience against common foe

  14. Divisive PSYOP • Exploits vulnerabilities & failures • Encourages dissension • Weakens opposition • Exploits intolerance & prejudice* • Encourages defection and inaction (apathy) • Emphasizes self-interest

  15. Why use PSYOP? • Low cost/High impact • Untapped force multiplier in aerospace Information Operations • Leverages Technological advances • Creates favorable (psychosocial) conditions for (joint) air and IO campaigns • Provides full-dimensional IO • Conserves forces

  16. PSYOP Principles • Requires defined, clear objectives; must be decomposed from theater objectives • Based on thorough analysis (Target / Product analysis worksheets) • Appropriate dissemination • Cultural UNDERSTANDING vs awareness • Analysis of results • Proactive vs reactive

  17. What can PSYOP do? • Provides full-dimensional IO through psychological preparation of the battlespace • Can achieve objectives before introduction of forces • Key player in force protection and targeting • Broadens PSYOP beyond special operations • Facilitates force protection • Provides lethal and non-lethal PSYOP alternatives

  18. How Does PSYOP Fit In? THEATER CINC JTF ARFOR MARFOR AFFOR NAVFOR JSOTF JPOTF

  19. Joint PSYOP Task Force JPOTF 193d SOW NAVY FIW GRP DISSEM BN TACTICAL ELEMENTS PROD DEV EPW/CI AF

  20. Recent Operations PROVIDE PROMISE PROVEN FORCE ANDREW SOUTHERN WATCH SAFE HAVEN JOINT ENDEAVOR UPHOLD DEMOCRACY URGENT FURY PROVIDE COMFORT DESERT STORM JTF-SWA GTMO ALLIED FORCE LASER STRIKE JUST CAUSE PACIFIC HAVEN UNITED SHIELD PROMOTE LIBERTY PROVIDE REFUGE RESTORE HOPE ASSURED RESPONSE PROMPT RETURN

  21. Operational Environment • Multiple participants (combined) • Support all options • Information Age • Multicultural environments • Non-state actors

  22. Future Environment • Internet • Global community • Technological advances • Sophisticated adversaries • Flexibility The future...

  23. Non-state Actors • Cartels: Fujimori (President of Peru) and Escobar • Terrorists: Sep 11, USS Cole, Kuwait, Doha

  24. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Engineered in a US lab at Fort Detrick Spread by criminals and homosexuals Soviet PSYOP campaign Newspaper articles Foreign Press Baby Parts Key Players (Iraq, Iran, North Korea, China) Hostile Propaganda

  25. AFDD 2-5 Counterpropaganda • Those efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage from foreign PSYOP or propaganda efforts. • Disrupt, degrade, and disable adversary PSYOP • Public Affairs Operations • Combat Camera • Military Information Dissemination • OCI Operations • Credibility and ground truth are key concepts to fighting adversary propaganda

  26. PSYOP Tools • Leaflets • Loudspeakers • Radio/TV Broadcasts • Newspapers/Magazines • Face to face • Internet

  27. Afghanistan Leaflet

  28. Afghanistan Leaflet

  29. WWII Leaflet

  30. Vietnam Leaflet

  31. Persian Gulf Leaflet

  32. Persian Gulf Leaflet

  33. Loudspeakers

  34. Radio/TV Broadcasts

  35. Newspapers/Magazines

  36. Newspapers/Magazines

  37. Newspapers/Magazines

  38. Face to Face

  39. Miscellaneous

  40. Future Tools • Direct Broadcast Satellite • Broadcasting from UAVs • Video insertion • Morphing systems • Voice digitization • Computer archiving • LASER Imaging • Holographic Projection • Graphics Technology • Cross Cultural PSYOP Model

  41. No matter what tool you use... The truth is the best PSYOP!

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