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Theoretical potential of BAT implementation in LCP sector

This study aims to quantify the potential emission reductions in large combustion plants (LCP) through the full implementation of Best Available Techniques (BAT) as described in BREFs. The study analyzes NOx, SO2, CO, NMVOC, and PM10 emissions using data from the Platts UDI World Electric Power Plants Database, EPER reports, and associated emission factors. The results show significant reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions with variations among different Member States.

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Theoretical potential of BAT implementation in LCP sector

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  1. Theoretical potential of BAT implementation in LCP sector Eva Goossens European Environment Agency (EEA) Wilfred Appelman & Tinus Pulles European Topic Centre for Air and Climate Change (ETC ACC / TNO)

  2. Objective of the study • Quantify potential emission reduction of full implementation BAT (as described in BREFs) • Case: large combustion plants • NOx, • SO2, • CO, • NMVOC and • PM10

  3. Data used (*) Platts UDI World Electric Power Plants Database (WEPP Database), version September 2006

  4. Facilities and emissions included • Facilities: • 483 EPER facilities included(38% of main EPER activity 1.1 facilities) • 1612 Platts units • Emissions: • (>70% of total emissions for main activity 1.1 in EPER) • NOx 75% • SO2 80% • CO 71% • NMVOC 71% • PM10 74% • CO2 80%

  5. Method • CO2 emissions on facility level + MWe on unit level: • Determine MWth rating of units • Allocate CO2 emissions on level of combustion unit with weighted MWth • calculated energy usage on unit level from allocated CO2 emissions and fuel specific emission factors • Estimate NOx, SO2, CO, NMVOC, PM10 emissions from fuel type and fuel use on unit level • Aggregate emissions of units to facilities and compare with EPER reports • Compare with BAT and LCP, using associated emission factors Note: The “BAT AELs” (mg/Nm3) of the LCP BREF are converted to emission factors (g/GJ)

  6. EPER PLATTS Efficiency factors CO2 emissions Capacity MWth Capacity MWe CO2 emission factors (g/GJ) CO2 emissions /unit Fuel type NOX, SO2, CO, NMVOC, PM10 emissions Abatement techniques Fuel use (GJ) /unit • NOX, SO2, CO, NMVOC, PM10 emissions/facility • Gap filling • LCP • BAT (BREF) • NOX, SO2, CO, NMVOC, PM10 emissions/unit: • Gap filling • LCP • BAT (BREF) Pollutant emission factors (g/GJ) Separation efficiencies abatement techniques

  7. Fuel allocation • 11 fuel types • 5 fuel groups assigned to

  8. Completeness of EPER reporting • NOx and SO2 reporting seems to be almost complete (>95%) • NMVOC, PM10, CO reports might be missing (?) (<50%)

  9. Abatement included in Platts

  10. Estimated BAT potential - EU 25 total Countries differ in BAT implementation. Germany, Austria, Sweden are well on the way

  11. Uncertainty analysis - sensitivity Fuel attribution method (to units within each facility) Assumption All units equal operation time Alternative assumption Differentiated operation time for coal, oil, gas Conclusion not very sensitive

  12. Uncertainty analysis – Monte Carlo • Monte Carlo simulations to assess uncertainties in two separate assumptions: • efficiency of power plants • CO2 emission factors • Results expressed in relative change of “Exceedance over the BAT (less strict)” • Results are rather insensitive to both assumptions

  13. Conclusions • Method • EPER data allow an analysis of the potential benefits of IPPC / BAT implementation (If additional information on size/fuel type is available) • EPER completeness • NOx and SO2 reporting seems rather complete • CO, NMVOC and probably PM10 reporting might be incomplete • Potential benefits • Full implementation of BAT would reduce NOx and SO2 emissions considerably • For SO2, reduction of emissions in a limited number of LCPs would have an important impact on overall emissions • Wide differences among MS

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