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Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

Herpes viruses. Adenoviruses. Biological properties, pathogenecity for humans. Laboratory diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy of diseases. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology. Herpes viruses. Classification.

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Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

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  1. Herpes viruses. Adenoviruses. Biological properties, pathogenecity for humans. Laboratory diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy of diseases. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

  2. Herpes viruses. Classification • Alphaherpesvirinae includes next species • Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2) • Varicella-zoster virus (VZV or HHV 3) • Betaherpesvirinae contains species • Cytomegalovirus (CMV or HHV 5) • HHV6 and HHV7 • Gammaherpesvirinae includes species • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV4) • Kaposi`s sarcoma associated virus (HHV8)

  3. Herpes viruses

  4. Herpes simplex virus • There are two types of the herpes simplex virus (HSV): • HSV type 1 causes herpes labialis • HSV type 2 causes herpes genitalis

  5. Cultivation of the HSV • Chick embryo • Cell cultures • Experimental keratoconjunctivitis

  6. Epidemiology and pathogenesis • The source of infection is ill person with typical lesions • Infection is transmitted by close direct contact (labial herpes) or sexual intercourse (genital herpes)

  7. Laboratory diagnostics • Microscopy: • Cytoscopy • Immune electron microscopy • Immunofluorescence Virus isolation Serology

  8. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) • causes chickenpox after primary infection and herpes zoster • The source of infection is person with chickenpox or more rarely with herpes zoster • Infection is transmitted with air droplets (chickenpox) or with direct contact with lesions

  9. Varicella (chickenpox) Herpes zoster

  10. Pathogenesis of varicella/zoster infection

  11. Laboratory diagnostics • Microscopy: • Tzanck smear • Immune electron microscopy • Immunofluorescence • Virus isolation • Serology

  12. Prevention is possible by active immunization with live, attenuated VZV (OKA strain) • For contact person varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) is used to prevent disease

  13. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) • In persons with adequate immunity CMV causes subclinical or unapparent infection. • In persons with waned immunity CMV can provoke generalized infection. • Congenital CMV-infection often is very severe, associated with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hemolytic anemia, and microcephaly, chorioretinitis

  14. Cells infected by CMV

  15. Laboratory diagnostics • Rapid diagnostics • Virus isolation • Serological method

  16. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) • It belongs to gamma-herpes viruses (HHV-4) and has oncogenic properties. • It can cause different diseases from latent infection in children, infectious mononucleosis in adulthood to EBV-associated malignancies such as Burkitt`s lymphoma and nasopharingeal carcinoma

  17. Laboratory diagnostics • Blood assay • Serological tests are used to reveal: • Heterophile antibodies with Paul-Bunnell test • Specific anti-EBV antibodies with ELISA and immunofluorescence

  18. Adenoviruses • They belong to family Adenoviridae, genus Mastadenovirus divided into 7 serogroups (A-F) and 47 serotypes

  19. Adenovirus structure

  20. Pathogenecity • Respiratory disease in children (pharyngitis, pneumonia) • “Common cold” in adults • Conjunctivitis (swimming pool follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis -shipyard disease) • Diarrhea in children • Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in young males

  21. Epidemiology and pathogenesis • Adenoviruses are transmitted with different mechanisms: • Via aerosol droplets • With fecal-oral route • By direct contact

  22. Laboratory diagnostics • Diagnosis is based onto: • Rapid diagnostics with electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence • Virus isolation • Serological tests demonstrate rising in titer of antibody, demonstrated in paired patient sera

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