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CHemistry

The smallest way to describe our Earth. CHemistry. Atoms. This is the smallest unit of an element having the same properties of that element Arrangement and types of atoms give matter its properties. Atoms. Elements. Elements are a substance that can not be broken down into a simpler form

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CHemistry

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  1. The smallest way to describe our Earth CHemistry

  2. Atoms • This is the smallest unit of an element having the same properties of that element • Arrangement and types of atoms give matter its properties

  3. Atoms

  4. Elements • Elements are a substance that can not be broken down into a simpler form • All the elements can be found on the periodic table. • There are 94 elements that are naturally occurring in nature. Hydrogen- plutonium. All the rest are man-made.

  5. Elements • The elements after bismuth (element 83) the elements are not very stable and begin to decay

  6. Periodic Table

  7. Elements • A single atom of an element is made up of 3 basic parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons • Protons and Neutrons are concentrated in the middle of the atom • The electrons rotate around the atom

  8. Atom

  9. Elements • Protons are particles that have a postive electric charge • Neutrons are particles that have no electric charge (neutral) • Electrons are particles that have a negative electric charge

  10. Mass and Atomic numbers • The atomic mass is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom • The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus

  11. Elements • In a neutral atom (an atom with a neutral charge) will have the same number of protons and electrons • In a neutral atom the number of neutrons can vary but unless specified differently will also be the same as protons.

  12. Compounds • Compounds are substances that are made up of two or more elements chemically combined that cannot be separated physically • Compounds are held together by chemical bonds

  13. Chemical Bonds • Chemical Bond- Foces that hold together the atoms that combine to make up a compound • Types of chemical bonds: Covalent bonds and ionic bonds

  14. Types of Bonds • Ionic bonds are a combination of oppistely charged ions • Ions are electrically charged atoms • Atoms become ions by losing or gaining electrons • If an atom gains electrons it is negatively charged • If an atom loses electrons it is positively charged

  15. Types of Bonds • Covalent bonds is the attraction of two atoms through a sharing of electrons. • Water is an example of a covalent bond

  16. Mixing things up • Mixture is many different types of objects mixed together. • This is not a bond. These objects are just mixed together

  17. Mixing things up • A type of mixture that deals with dissolving substances. • Ex. Salt water, coffee, Tea with sugar

  18. Mixing things up • Heterogeneous mixture is a combination of materials that are easily recognizable. • Ex. Soil • Homogeneous mixtures are a combination of materials that are not easily recognizable. • Ex. Milk

  19. Matter • As we have talked about before matter is anything that takes up space and has a mass • In other words, it has a volume and weighs something.

  20. Matter • Matter has two different properties that you need to be able to distinguish between; physical and chemical properties

  21. Physical Properties • Physical properties are those that you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance • Ex. Color, shape, odor, density

  22. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties are those that descrbe how one substance changes when reacting with another substance • Ex. Rusting of Iron, burning of wood

  23. 4 States of Matter • There are four states of matter in which they can exist: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma • Each has its own way of forming the atoms of a certain substance

  24. Solids • Solids are formed by atoms or molecules that are in a fixed position relative to each other • Atoms are molecules are strongly attracted to each other and resist being separated • Set Shape and set Volume

  25. Types of Solids • Crystalline structures- have regular shapes and may cleave along well-defined surfaces • Glasses- They do not break along well defined surfaces. Shatter or break into lots of tiny pieces.

  26. Liquids • Liquids is a type of matter where the atoms or molecules remain close to one another, but are fee to change positions with each other. • This allows liquid to flow as it takes the shape of its container • Set Volume but takes shape of container

  27. Gases • Gases contain atoms or molecules that have very little attractive force on each other • Fill entire container no matter how large or small • NO set volume and No set shape

  28. Plasma • This is matter heated to temperatures much higher than we normally see. • Plasmas are composed of ions and free electrons • You can find these in lightning bolts, florescent lights, and even stars

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