History of Floral Design

1. History of Floral Design 8945A – Ag 363

2. Vocabulary Analogous – a color scheme that uses any three adjacent colors from the color wheel Complementary – a color scheme consisting of any two colors located opposite each other on the color wheel when used together in a design Cornucopia – a woven basket or container designed in the shape of a goat’s horn and shown spilling flowers or fruit

3. Vocabulary Corsage – a grouping of flowers worn by a woman Garland – a wreath–shaped ornament, usually worn on the head, that is constructed from flowers and foliage Hogarthian curve – a design having the shape of a modified S form, the upper portion using 2/3rds of the figure and creating a free-flowing motion that leads the lines of the design to the focal point

4. Vocabulary Ikebana – the art of Japenese floral arrangement Liknon – a Roman floral container consisting of a basket that was high at the back and flattened in front Line design - oriental style of design Line-mass design – American style of design that combines the linear shapes with the massing of flowers at the focal point

5. Vocabulary Mass Design – European floral design style Nosegay – a grouping of closely spaced flowers in a hand-held floral arrangement Shin – the principle element of Japanese floral design (the main stem in arrangements that represent heaven)

6. Vocabulary Soe – the secondary element of Japanese floral designs (represents man in a Japanese design) Tai – the tertiary line of a Japanese design (represents earth in an arrangement) Tuzzy-muzzy – a small bouquet or arrangement originally designed to hide a vial of smelling salts for young women in Europe and America

7. Introduction Have you ever wondered when the art of floral design? Whose idea was it to arrange and group flowers together? How did our modern design originate?

8. Introduction Since the beginning of civilization flowers have covered the earth, providing color and beauty Flowers have become more important in the lives of people Flowers add beauty to our surroundings and signify emotions of love and friendship

9. Introduction This is important to the designer Have a better understanding of the origins of floral design used today May have to create an arrangement to complement a surrounding that represents a specific style or period of time

10. Egyptian Period (2800-25 BC) Flowers played an important part in the lives of the Egyptians Their gardens displayed a wide variety of plant species Flower used included water lilies, lotus, roses, violets, narcissus, and jasmine

11. Egyptians Wore garlands or wreaths of flowers on their heads Blossoms of water lilies were placed in elaborately constructed vases, bowls, and jars They favored wide-mouth containers Designs were typically orderly w/ alternating patterns of flowers

12. Egyptians These containers were often made of gold, silver, or glass Style can be described as being clear and simple Colors of red, yellow, and blue were predominately used Repetition was common with types, colors, and heights of flowers being repeated in a pattern throughout the design

14. Greek Period (600-146BC) Did not arrange their flowers in vases or bouquets During festivals and ceremonies, flowers were scattered on the ground Flowers were primarily used to make garlands or wreaths to be worn or carried

15. Greek Period Wreathes were presented to outstanding athletes to symbolize victory and dedication Grew potted plants indoors and in hothouses to supply the desired plant materials first to have professional florist who did floral work for the people

16. Greek Period The cornucopia or horn of plenty was first introduced by the Greek culture Color was not important The flowers, fragrance, and symbolism associated with each flower were of foremost importance

18. Chinese Period (500 BC – 100 AD) Flowers and plant materials were used in China for decorating the altars used in religious ceremonies performed by Buddhist Priests Arranged flowers in massive bronze ceremonial vessels

19. Chinese Period Simplicity as taught by Confucius led to real enjoyment Only allowed to use ct flowers sparingly Oriental influence placed emphasis on the individual form, texture and color of plant material

20. Chinese Period Four seasons were usually portrayed by the white-blossomed plum in the winter, the peony in the spring, the lotus in the summer, and the chrysanthemum in the fall

21. Chinese Period Were usually large, symmetrical, and simple Lighter flowers were positioned in the outer portions of the design while darker flowers were placed nearest the base

23. Chinese V Japanese Design Chinese style is less stylized Japanese style is very formal & follows strict rules of construction

24. Roman Period (28 BC – 325 AD) Used Roses at evening banquets and scattered these roses over the floor Scarves filled with blossoms were offered at the alter as part of the religious ceremonies

25. Roman Period Began arranging flowers in a type of basket called a liknon The flowers used in these arrangements were highly fragrant and brightly colored

26. Byzantine Period (320-600AD) Garlands narrow bands of fruits and flowers alternated with foliage Contributed to floral art through the introduction of symmetrical, tree-style designs

27. Byzantine Period Foliage was arranged in containers to resemble symmetrical, conical trees Flowers and fruit were also used at regular intervals throughout the design Color schemes used were analogous accented with complimentary color

28. Middle Ages (476-1400AD) Portrays flowers arranged in vases Floral paintings show a more informal and naturalistic appearance Commonly used containers were of Chinese porcelain that was highly decorated with birds Fragrant Flowers were highly favored for strewing on the ground, freshening the air, and making wreaths/garlands

29. Japanese Period (586 AD) This art originated with the Ikenobo school of floral art. Ikebana became widely used in worldly and religious art

30. Japanese Period Characterized by Linear forms Straight, curved, or angular lines of flowers and foliage balance the bold open spaces between the plant materials Principle shows that “man is found between the sphere of heaven and the soil of the earth” Heaven is the subject - Shin Man as the secondary - Soe Earth is the object - Tai

31. Renaissance Period (1400-1600AD) Along with the Rebirth of learning came an interest in gardening Extensive gardens of flowers were planted for beauty instead of for utilitarian purposes Bright colors and forms of flowers were used as focus

32. Renaissance Period Flowers were positioned in the design in a loose, un-crowded, an airy manner Brilliant colors in the designs to create contrast with the white, interior walls of homes and buildings Paintings from this period often show vases of flowers because flowers had great symbolism The rose symbolized sacred or profane love

33. Renaissance Period Single white lily placed in a jug is typical Flowers arranged in vases so that only blossoms were visible Elaborate metal containers with well formed bases, stems, necks & handles were popular Some containers were made especially for flowers (holes in a removable lid to hold flowers in place)

34. Baroque Period (1600-1775 AD) Art is no longer just for the church or nobility, it is now accessible to the middle class Paintings show arrangements in everyday settings Many interiors were over decorated and gaudy Designs became more creative and expressive

35. Baroque Period Massive and sturdy Metal and stone urns Chinese and Japanese vases, bowls, and flasks

36. Flemish Style (1550-1750 AD) Tulips were used abundantly in the Flemish designs and combines with a variety of other flower types They were the first to combine the mass designs of the Romans and the line designs of the Orient into Line-mass designs They never physically arranged flowers in to designs Painted pictures of floral designs

37. Flemish Style This could have never happened in “real life” because the flowers in the picture never grew at the same time of the year During this time period there was no way to preserve the cut life of fresh cut flowers

38. English Georgian Period (1714-1760AD) Named for English King George I, II, III Flowers were used to construct neck and hair pieces for fashionable women

39. English Georgian Period Nosegays were first carried by men at first in England Because body deodorants and colognes did not exist yet and a man’s body odor became rather obvious The fragrance from the flowers made friendly greetings more tolerable while “keeping the nose happy”

40. English Georgian Period Tuzzy-muzzies were designed and placed in bowls They were used as table centerpieces for both formal and informal events In the home they were used to freshen damp, musty odors Fragrant flowers were used because of the belief that their scent would help keep away germs and prevent plagues and diseases

41. Victorian Period (1820-1914AD) Use of flowers was very fashionable during the reign of Queen Victoria of England Named for Queen Victoria who reigned in England from 1837 to 1901 Victorian interiors were lavishly decorated in heavy colors and patterns

42. Victorian Period Time of great enthusiasm about flowers; floral design was taught and recognized as art First attempt to establish rules for floral arranging

43. Victorian Period Described as grouping large masses of flowers, foliage, and grasses together to create a design with no center of interest Usually round or oval shaped arrangements

44. American Styles of Floral Design Early American Colonial Neoclassic American Victorian

45. Early American Style Focused on natural styles and arrangements Wildflowers, grains, and grasses were often placed in everyday jugs and pitchers to make an arrangement

46. Colonial Style: 1714 - 1780 Typical arrangements were massed, rounded, and fan shaped bouquets Casual, open designs were popular

47. Neoclassic Style Covered two time periods Federal Period 1790 - 1825 Greek Period 1825 - 1845 Designs were typically broken from English tradition and were influenced by the French Roses, geraniums, and trailing ivy were popular plant materials

48. American Victorian: 1845 - 1900 Also called the Romantic era Designs copied European Victorian styles Epergnes were popular containers

49. Modern Styles of Floral Design Art Nouveau Art Deco Free Form Expression Geometric Mass Design

50. Art Nouveau Period: 1890 - 1910 Style was based on curvilinear lines and often patterned after nature in the shape of plants or flowers Containers were curving and asymmetrical

51. Art Deco Period: 1920’s & 30’s Blending of influences including ancient Egyptian, Jazz age, and industrial age Characterized by strong geometric lines and patterns The style reemerged in the 1960’s Corsages became poplular

52. Free Form Expression: 1950’s Arrangements were more expressive with feeling of movement and freedom Textural differences between design materials were emphasized

53. Geometric Mass Design: 1960’s & 70’s Tight, geometric bouquets were common Arrangements combined mass and line into stiff patterns Compote containers were commonly used

54. Modern American American floral arrangements are the result of the designer’s individual expression This requires a creative mind and a thorough knowledge of design elements, principle, and construction techniques

55. Review What are some types of flowers and foliage common to all periods of floral design? Why is it important to study the history of floral design? What are some reasons for changing design styles across time? How did European traditions influence American design?