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Physics of Geysers

Physics of Geysers . Dr. Christian Reimers Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy University of Vienna Austria. Introductory section and preparatory phase.

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Physics of Geysers

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  1. Physics of Geysers Dr. Christian Reimers Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy University of Vienna Austria

  2. Introductory section and preparatory phase • Short Description: The Earth has a hot core and a mantle of molten rock on which the Earth's crust lies. Plate tectonics and volcanism is produced by convection. In places where the magma is near the surface, geysers can form, whose functionality can be explained with hands-on experiments and physical backgrounds. • Keywords: structure of the Earth, geothermal energy, geysers, volcanism, thermodynamics, Clausius-Clapeyron‘sequation, vapourpressurecurve, boilingpoint, P-T-diagram • Target audience: school students, informal learners • Age range: 12-15, 16+ • Context: physics (thermodynamics), geography • Time required: 2 x 50 min (more if visit in Science Center is planned) Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  3. Introductory section and preparatory phase • Technical Requirements: PC, internet connection, physics labor • Author’s background: Lecturer for Physics an Mathematics for Earth Sciences • Connection with the curriculum: thermodynamics, structure of the Earth • Learning Objectives: • Behaviour of water with temperature and pressure; • Study natural phenomenon with physical concepts • Perform autonomously investigations; • Writing a scientific report • Guidance for preparation: Organise excursion to a Science Center with hands-on about volcanism and geysers Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  4. Teaching Phase 1: Question Eliciting ActivitiesPROVOKE CURIOSITY > Teacher: Present and show materials to provoke curiosity Pictures / videos of volcanoes and geysers Highest fountains and other interesting data Types of volcanic activity: super volcanoes, etc. Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  5. Teaching Phase 1: Questions Eliciting Activities DEFINE QUESTIONS FROM CURRENT KNOWLEDGE > Teacher: Present questions according to current knowledge • Where you can find volcanoes and/or geysers? • How is the structure of Earth? • Which mechanisms could explain volcanism and geysers? • Which physical processes are involved? • Do you know about volcanism on other planets or moons in the solar system? > Students: Collect data from previous presentation(s) and try to connect to questions raised above Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  6. Teaching Phase 2: Active Investigation PROPOSE PRELIMINARY EXPLANATIONS OR HYPOTHESES > Teacher: provide necessary materials (references) to be able to explain the questions; guide students to find the correct solving approaches Behaviour of water with temperature: solid, fluid, gas Temperature gradient in the Earth’s crust Water cycle: ground water, where it comes from > Students: Investigate materials and create presentation with possible answers and explanations and present to others Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  7. Teaching Phase 2: Active InvestigationPLAN AND CONDUCT SIMPLE INVESTIGATION > Students: Search for physical concepts about volcanisms and geysers Physical concept: „Physik in interessanten Kontexten“ from Rainer Müller, page 39ff. „Der Ausbruch eines Geysirs“ (The eruptionof a geyser) http://www.uni-kiel.de/piko/downloads/Physik_in_interessanten_Kontexten_RMueller.pdf Experiments: „Versuchsbericht zum Thema: Schweredruck in Flüssigkeiten“ http://www.didaktik.physik.uni-duisburg-essen.de/veranstaltungen/soe/versuchsberichte/WS0809/Berichte/Versuchsbericht%20Schweredruck.doc > Students: Reflect and document findings > Teacher/Students: Prepare an experiment in the classroom or a visit to a science centerwith hands-on about volcanism and geysers Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  8. Teaching Phase 3: CreationGATHER EVIDENCE FROM OBSERVATION > Teacher/Students: Conduct experiment of a geyser model in the classroom andmeasure temperature and pressure Instructions: • “Experiment Geysir“: Betriebsanleitunghttp://www.exphys.jku.at/didaktik/Lehre/Skripten/LA_2007/BA_Geysir.pdf • Geysir-Modell: „Druckabhängigkeit des Siedepunkts“http://vorsam.uni-ulm.de/Versuche/TH/PDF/TH080V00.PDF > Teacher/Students: or ... Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  9. Teaching Phase 3: CreationGATHER EVIDENCE FROM OBSERVATION > Go to a science center(e.g. WELIOS in Wels, Austria) Topics about renewable Energies: Go to Geothermal Energy ... Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  10. Teaching Phase 3: CreationGATHER EVIDENCE FROM OBSERVATION > Go to a science center(e.g. WELIOS in Wels, Austria) Earth globe you can open Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  11. Teaching Phase 3: CreationGATHER EVIDENCE FROM OBSERVATION > Go to a science center(e.g. WELIOS in Wels, Austria) Model of plumes and volcanic activity Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  12. Teaching Phase 3: CreationGATHER EVIDENCE FROM OBSERVATION > Go to a science center(e.g. WELIOS in Wels, Austria) Experiment of a geyser > Students: Create protocol of observations and physical measurements The geyserstarts, when:thetemperaturereachesabout 103 degree Celsius andthepressureexcessis 0.15 bar Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  13. Teaching Phase 4: DiscussionEXPLANATION BASED ON EVIDENCE > Students: Analyse data and discuss them together. • Behaviour of water: boiling, evaporating, phase transistion • Pressure  temperature: Clausius-Clapeyron’s relation boiling point pressure vapour pressure curve Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  14. Teaching Phase 4: DiscussionCONSIDER OTHER EXLANATIONS > Teacher: Ask if there are other explanations possible Geysers or water fountains without heat: • Cold water geysers with CO2, carbon dioxide-driven (e.g. Andernach, Germany) • Artificial fountains with pumps • Water hydrants (water supply) • Associated vessels > Students: Think about and discuss Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  15. Teaching Phase 5: ReflectionCOMMUNICATE EXPLANATION > Students: Write a scientific report on the physical aspects of a geyser: phases of an eruption, P-T-diagram; use guidelines for writing a scientific report :<<Guidelines for Writing a Research Report Version2.1.pdf>> • Structure (title, abstract, introduction, etc.) • Layout (font, headings, enumerations, etc.) > Teacher: Assess and discuss scientific report(s) as referee and guide students to publish refereed report in learning management system of the school > Students: Create quizzes and questions for self assessment and publish Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  16. FOLLOW UP ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS • Data sheets / Database • Quizzes / Tests • Animations / Simulations • Tutorials • Helpful Links • Addresses (WELIOS, …) • Further Experiments Christian Reimers, University of Vienna

  17. … theliving Earth Contact:christian.reimers@univie.ac.at

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