托福听力功能题， so easy!

1. 妈妈再也不用担心我的托福听力了 托福听力功能题，so easy! 成萌 托福听力老师 SAT词汇老师

2. 萌百科 卖得了萌 耍得了2 扮得了正太 演得了御姐 装得了萝莉

4. 功能题 Why dose professor/sb mention/talk about/ discuss… 为什么教授提到…？（提到…的功能是什么？） 重听的功能题 + 普通功能题 6-8道/34道题

5. 功能题（对话，讲座通用） 功能题必然为主旨服务 提到A为B(B是主旨的分论点)“服务”， A的存在不重要，故提到A的细节不重要

6. 1 举例证明 （用具体的例子证明抽象的道理） illustrate a point that... give an example of demonstrate show

7. TPO17-6 octopus • Why does the professor say this? • To point out an error • To illustrate a point • To propose an explanation • To correct a misunderstanding

8. So the octopus has the ability to mimic both the color and the texture of its environment. And it’s truly amazing how well it can blend in with its surroundings,（that）you can easily swim within a few feet of an octopus and never see it. 抽象观点：章鱼变形真的很厉害 形象例子：从它身边几英尺的地方游过也不会发现它

9. Why does the professor say this • To show how slow canoe travel was • To illustrate the size of a geographic area • To compare different means of travel • To describe how waterways change over time

10. The canoes allow them to travel over a vast area that today it would take a few hours to fly over. 抽象观点：大片区域 形象例子：飞机都需要飞好几个小时

11. TPO2-1 • Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctor's office? • To demonstrate a way of remembering things • To explain why she needs to leave soon • To illustrate a point that appears in his report • To emphasize the importance of good health

12. Student: Hmm . . . something just came into my mind and went out the other side. Professor: That happens to me a lot, so I’ve come up with a pretty good memory management tool. I carry a little pad with me all the time and jot down questions or ideas that I don’t want to forget. For example, I went to the doctor with my daughter and her baby son last week and we knew we wouldn’t remember everything we wanted to ask the doctor, so we actually made a list of five things we wanted answers to. Student: A notepad is a good idea. Since I’m so busy now at the end of the semester, I’m getting pretty forgetful these days. OK. I just remembered what I was trying to say before.

13. TPO1-4 • Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology? • To identify a topic frequently discussed in third grade • To get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taught • To make a suggestion to improve the class he is taking • To illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class

14. Professor: It seems that Mr. Grable has mastered the interdisciplinary approach to teaching — the way we’ve been talking about in class. Student: Oh! OK, yeah, so like when he was teaching them astronomy, he didn't just teach them the names of the planets, he used it as a way to teach mythology. Professor: Really! So, how did he do that? Student: Well, some of the students could already name the planets, but they didn’t know that the names had any meaning — the stories behind them. Professor: So, he… Student: He introduced Greek and Roman mythology as a way of explaining. Like, you know, how like Jupiter’s the biggest planet, right, and how Jupiter was the name of the king of the gods in Roman mythology, right? So since Jupiter, the planet, is the largest planet in our solar system, it’s like the king of the planets, like Jupiter was the king of all the gods. Professor: Oh, Mathew, that’s a great example.

15. 2解释说明 （用抽象的道理解释/归纳具体的例子） Explain/ point out

16. TPO16-3 Piano Why does the professor describe how a piano works'? A. To explain why pianos are easy to play B. To explain why pianos are expensive to construct C. To explain why pianos are not classified as string instruments D. To explain why pianos do not require frequent tuning

17. 红色部分是答案蓝色部分是高端大气上档次的复杂原理，不考红色部分是答案蓝色部分是高端大气上档次的复杂原理，不考 Now, unlike the harpsichord which came before it, the piano is a percussion instrument. You see, the harpsichord is actually classified as a string instrument, since pressing a key of a harpsichord causes a tiny quill that’s connected to the key to pluck the strings that are inside the instrument, much the same as a guitar pick plucks the strings of a guitar But pressing the keys of a piano causes tiny felt-covered hammers to strike the strings inside the instrument, like drumsticks striking the head of a drum.This striking action is why the piano is a percussion instrument instead of a string instrument.

18. 3介绍引入（类比） 两个事物具有可比性 A比较简单或比较有趣，提到A帮助引入B Introduce ~甄嬛体 起兴

19. Why does the professor first mention Proteus? • To explain how the octopus got its scientific name • To introduce the octopus' exceptional abilities • To point out that the octopus played an important role in Greek mythology • To provide an example of a mythological character that was part animal and part human

20. Well, let me back up here a second.（插入）Anyone ever heard of Proteous? Proteus was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly. Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus. Just like Proteus, the octopus can go through all kinds of incredible transformations.

21. 4 对比contrast 鲜花还需绿叶来配 “踩一个，捧一个” A是炮灰，陪衬

22. Why does the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge? • To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cables • To give an example of the creative use of color • To show that steel cables are able to resist salt water • To give an example of a use of Manila hemp

23. According to the professor, what was the main reason that many ships • used Manila hemp ropes instead of steel cables? • Manila hemp was cheaper • Manila hemp was easier to produce • Manila hemp is more resistant to salt water • Manila hemp is lighter in weight

24. And this combination of characteristics—long, strong, flexible, resistant to salt water—makes Manila hemp a great material for ropes, especially for ropes that are gonna be used on ocean-going ships. In fact, by the early 1940’s, even though steel cables were available, most ships in the United States Navy were not moored with steel cables; they were moored with Manila hemp ropes. Now, why was that? Well, the main reason was that steel cables degrade very, very quickly in contact with salt water. If you’ve ever been to San Francisco, you know that the Golden Gate Bridge is red. And it’s red because of the zinc paint that goes on those stainless steel cables. That, if they start at one end of the bridge and they work to the other end, by the time they finish, it’s already time to go back and start painting the beginning of the bridge again, because the bridge was built with steel cables, and steel cables can’t take the salt air unless they’re treated repeatedly with a zinc-based paint.

25. 参考笔记

26. 5纠错 说得不对/说得不准/说得不清楚 clarify，correct a mistake，make…clear

27. Why does the professor compare Earth's movements to a watch? A. To clarify a common misunderstanding B. To show in what way Earth is similar to a watchC. To emphasize the regularity of Earth s movements D.To connect the concepts of orbits and time

28. Ok, a lot of people think of earth’s orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as,say,the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn’t work that way.

29. Why does the professor say this? • To answer a question that Carol asked • To correct a statement that Carol made • To praise Carol for an example that she gave • To give an example of a principle that Carol stated

30. Now before I go on, let me just respond to something Carol was saying--- this idea that bats are blind. Actually, there are some species of bats, the ones that don’t use echolocation, that do rely on their vision for navigation, but it is true that for many bats, their vision is too weak to count on.

31. 功能题解法5种 1：举例证明 50% 2：解释说明 3：介绍引入 4：对比陪衬 5：改错纠正 其他： 下定义

32. TPO7-2well-made play • TPO2-3 behaviorism • Why does the professor say this? • To help students understand the meaning of a new term • To indicate that his point is not related to the main topic of the lecture • To emphasize one element of a play over all others • To begin to summarize the main points of the lecture • TPO2-3 behaviorism

33. chengmeng@xiaoma.com