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STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION

STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION. 6.6 Overview: Cellular respiration. Stage 1: Glycolysis Glycolysis begins respiration by breaking glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into two molecules of a three-carbon compound called pyruvate (pyruvic acid) This stage occurs in the cytoplasm.

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STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION

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  1. STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION

  2. 6.6 Overview: Cellular respiration • Stage 1: Glycolysis • Glycolysis begins respiration by breaking glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into two molecules of a three-carbon compound called pyruvate (pyruvic acid) • This stage occurs in the cytoplasm

  3. 6.6 Overview: Cellular respiration • Stage 2: The citric acid cycle • The citric acid cycle breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and supplies the third stage with electrons • This stage occurs in the mitochondria

  4. 6.6 Overview: Cellular respiration • Stage 3: Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC and Chemiosmosis) • During this stage, electrons are shuttled through the electron transport chain (ETC) • As a result, ATP is generated through oxidative phosphorylation associated with chemiosmosis • oxidative=loss of electrons • phosphorylation=adding phosphate to ADP) • chemiosmosis= ions(H+) moving down concentration gradient • This stage occurs in the inner mitochondrion membrane

  5. 6.6 Overview: Cellular respiration • During the transport of electrons, a concentration gradient of H+ ions is formed across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space • The potential energy of this concentration gradient is used to make ATP by a process called chemiosmosis • The concentration gradient drives H+ through ATP synthases and other enzymes found in the membrane, and ATP is produced

  6. NADH Mitochondrion High-energy electrons carried by NADH NADH FADH2 and OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis) GLYCOLYSIS CITRIC ACID CYCLE Glucose Pyruvate Cytoplasm Inner mitochondrial membrane ATP CO2 CO2 ATP ATP Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation

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