Opportunities for Renewable Energy Technologies in Indian Country

1. Opportunities for Renewable Energy Technologies in Indian Country Faline Haven Office of Tribal Relations US Forest Service Sustainable Summit November 20, 2008

2. Tribal Energy Resource Development can Support Local Economies and Communities • Indian land comprises 5% of the land area of the United States, but contains an estimated 10% of all energy resources in the United States • Tribal Trust Lands Comprises 55.7 Million Acres • Approximately 2,100 miles of Forest Service and Tribal shared boundaries

4. Renewable Resource Options Geothermal Wind Biomass Hydro Solar

5. Renewable Technology Options Small Modular Power Small Wind Power Power Diesel Hybrids Direct Use Direct Use Big Wind Direct Use Direct Use Small Hydro PV PV - - Remote Homes Remote Homes Stock Watering Stock Watering Process Heat Buildings Process Heat Buildings Venetie Village

6. CO2 Reductions from EnergyEfficiency and Renewable Energy • Renewables Only Scenario • Carbon reductions as of 2030 • to reach 70% reduction by 2050 • Million Metric Tons/Year: • Energy Efficiency 688 • Wind 181 • Geothermal 83 • Biomass 75 • Concentrating Solar Power 63 • Photovoltaic 63 • Biofuels 58

7. Wind Project Benefits Turbine Installed on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation, SD • “Wind resources in the Great Plains could meet 75% of the electricity demand in the contiguous 48 states.” (Native American Energy Development and Self-Determination Act of 2003) • Reliable energy for Tribal use • Creation of tribal jobs • Inexhaustible supply • Wind is "inflation-proof" • Compatible with multiple land use Wind Turbine (67 kW) Installed at Fort Berthold, NDSeptember 2005

8. Solar Project Benefits Phase II 880 Watt Hybrid 240-260 Watt Phase I 880 Watt Hybrid 640 Watt Economic Development: Units assembled on Navajo Nation Standardization achieved Business potential realized Battery bank powered by hybrid design • Solar Electric Potential on Tribal Lands is 4.5 times the Total U.S. Electric Generation in 2004 • Creation of Tribal economic development opportunities • Reduced use of propane and natural gas • Reduced energy bills • Reduction of air pollution • Near zero-CO2 carbon emissions • Offsetting greenhouse gases • Reducing the need for dry-cell battery disposal • Electrification for Non-grid tied homes. Yurok Tribal Energy Program, CA - Provides community training on installation and maintenance. Navajo Nation Solar Electrification Project

9. Hydropower Project Benefits • Elimination of the cost of fuel • Avoided Greenhouse gas emissions • The cost of operation is nearly immune to increases in the cost of fossil fuel • Hydroelectric plants tend to have longer economic lives than fuel-fired generation • Operating labor cost is usually low Flathead Indian Reservation Hydropower Facility Run of River Power Inc

10. Geothermal Project Benefits • Both supply and demand-side applications • Job creation • Virtually inexhaustible with good management practices • Steady base-load power • Relatively low cost (~4 – 8 cents/kWh • Suitable for residential, commercial or industrial • Environmentally beneficial with no combustion • Multiple ways to install, with suitability for almost all geographic locations • Proven technology Citizen Potawatomi Nation, OK Geothermal Ponds

11. Biomass Project Benefits • Revenue • Electricity • Renewable Energy Credits (REC) • Jobs (5 jobs per MW) • In woods (harvest, chipping, trucking) • Power plant • Forest Health: • Hazard fuels reduction • Reduced slash treatment costs • Reduced threat of a catastrophic fire • Other • Offset costs of heating Tribal facilities • Potential to develop greenhouse and aquaculture facilities • Keeps energy dollars within the Community • Reduced emissions when compared to prescribed burns or wildfires • Reduce SOx and fossil CO2 emissions

12. Colville Biomass - Goals • Assess woody biomass availability, sustainability and economics. • Evaluate current biomass use in cogeneration plant. • Develop baseline soil test plots. • Compile Tribal buildings energy use and cost data. • Analyze Colville Indian Power & Veneer (CIPV) cogeneration plant performance & cost savings. • Assess marketing options for biomass power to improve CIPV profitability.

13. Forest Biomass Availability • ~ 78 million board feet timber harvested/year. • Biomass generation 62,400 to 93,600 green tons (GT). • Assuming 75% availability, 46,800 to 70,200 GT available each year Colville Biomass Unit

14. Biomass Subsidy vs. Conventional Slash Treatment

15. Title V of EPAct 2005, Indian Provisions • Authorizes the creation of an “Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs” within the Department of Energy • Department of Energy Program • DOE Indian Energy Education Planning and Management Assistance Program (Authorization for $20 Million for each fiscal year 2006-2016 • DOE Loan Guarantee Program (Aggregate amount guaranteed not to exceed $2 Billion) • Department of Interior Program • Indian Tribal Energy Resource Development Program (Authorized such sums as are necessary in fiscal years 2006 through 2016) • Indian Tribal Energy Resource Regulation (Grants for energy inventories and feasibility studies No Funds Appropriated for EPAct 2005

16. Energy Policy Act 2005 Farm Bill - USDA Rural Development Forest Service DOE Tribal Energy Program DOI Office of Indian Energy & Economic Development Funding Opportunities

17. Partnerships • Technical Assistance • Training and Education • Financial Opportunities Fond du Lac Reservation, MN Fire Wise Project Sitka Tribe of Alaska and the Sitka Ranger District

18. QUESTIONS“Tribes Leading the Way to Renewable Energy”American Indian ReportJune 2002