Foot and Mouth Disease FMD

1. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Colorado Department of Agriculture State Veterinarian�s Office

2. Background and History Present in Europe for centuries Eradicated from US in 1929 Currently affects 4 of the world�s 7 continents Asia, Africa, South America & Europe North America, Australia and Antarctica are free U.S. at risk every day

4. United Kingdom - 1603 Type O Mongolia - 26 Type O Kuwait - 4 Type O Netherlands - 26 Type O Argentina - 566 Type A Brazil - 1 Type A Uruguay - 348 Type A 2001World FMD Cases

5. Foot and Mouth Disease Highly contagious viral disease High death loss of young animals (over 50%) One of the most serious disease of livestock because of economic loss Restricted trade with FMD Free countries Animal deaths and poor performance Eradication requires destruction of thousands of exposed animals In Colorado livestock production is a $2.8 Billion Industry

6. United Kingdom FMD Statistics As of April 28, 2001 (MAFF) 2,456,000 animals slaughtered or identified as being for slaughter. 2,338,000 animals slaughtered, of which 168,000 remain to be disposed of. 405,000 cattle, 1,823,000 sheep, 108,000 pigs, 2,000 goats slaughtered. 118,000 animals awaiting slaughter.

7. FMD Virus Seven virus types Over 60 subtypes Genetic changes Very immune specific

8. FMD Etiologic Agent Picornaviridae RNA virus Easily mutates Preventative vaccine problematic Replicates in susceptible animal�s pharynx Aerosolized

9. Transmission of FMD Infected animals generate large volumes of infective aerosols Infective aerosols spread by wind and air currents Spread by direct contact with an infected animal Carried & transmitted in contaminated meat and milk � very common cause of new outbreaks Transferred mechanically on clothing, shoes, and other objects

10. Incubation Period Range from 12 hours to 2 weeks Usually 3 to 5 Days Pigs Usually 1 to 3 Days

11. Livestock affected by FMD Cattle Sheep Goats Swine Camellid Llamas Alpacas Vicunas Bison Deer Antelope Elephants Bears Vermin Horses are not susceptible

12. Livestock�s Role In a FMD Outbreak Cattle act as indicators. Signs & Lesions Appear Earlier Pigs act as amplifiers. 1 Pig produce 10 million infective doses/ 24hrs Sheep act as maintenance hosts. Signs & Lesions mild Wild ungulates

13. Clinical Signs or Symptoms Blisters in the mouth, on the tongue, between the hooves, and on the udder Animals don�t eat because of pain Lameness Temperature Excessive salivation and drooling Inflammation of the myocardium causing death in young animals

21. Human Infections with FMD Human infections of foot & mouth disease are extremely rare and victims recover quickly The last confirmed human case in 1966. All UK suspect case are negative Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in people is Coxsackie's virus.

22. USA AT Risk For FMD Normal Pathways UK Declining Epidemic Western States Climate BIOTERRORISM Media attention PETA

23. FMD Economic Impacts Agriculture Livestock Feeds Trucking Feed producers Consumers Tourism Wildlife activities

24. FMD Entrance Pathways Meat garbage fed to animals Animal, animal products Processed meats Milk and milk products Inanimate objects (used equipment) People Clothing & Footwear Throat Bioterrorism

25. Control Depends On Early Detection!!! Livestock producers Veterinary practitioners Regulatory process Stop livestock movement Human traffic Control Decontamination Rapid diagnosis

26. USDA FMD Prevention Methods Ports Airport Tourists & Baggage Beagle brigade Inspection and decontamination Garbage Private and Military Air Travel Mail Information

27. Colorado�s FMD Response Protocol HB 1378 Horses & companion animals Education & Information Presentations Pamphlets Livestock industry Veterinarians County extension agents State personnel

28. Colorado FMD Response Suspect vesicular disease Quarantine premises & 1mile perimeter Sample to Plum Island 36 hours for diagnosis Positive FMD State declaration of emergency Office of Emergency Management (OEM)

29. Colorado�s Response To FMD Infected Zone - 6 mile perimeter Depopulate infected premises Vaccinate non-clinical Buffer Zone - 15 mile perimeter Livestock movement control Immediate vaccination Identification Timely slaughter (food chain)

30. USDA FMD Response Declaration of Emergency READEO team Coordinate response Provide expertise for functions Indemnity Animal price determined Day prior to outbreak Price maintained throughout outbreak Appraisal for added value animals

31. BIOSECURITY Defined as the procedures implemented by livestock operations which reduce the risk of introduction of disease into it�s animals.

32. Livestock Producer Biosecurity Isolation Minimum Concentration Good nutrition Immunization Separate sick Sanitation Vermin & birds

33. Disinfectants for FMD Virus Effectiveness of any disinfectant is dependent on the removal of all dirt, animal, or plant material from the surface to be treated 2% Acetic acid (White Vinegar is 4%) Virkon-S (Farnum Livestock Products) 1% or 1.3 fl oz.per 1 gallon water Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% (household bleach) 0.1% or 1 oz/gal H2O For heavily contaminated areas, 3 gal bleach to 2 gal H2O

34. Tourist FMD Guidelines Leave clothing and shoes in foreign country Don�t bring food items back with you that contain meat, milk or other animal products Stay away from Livestock for 10 days after returning to US Soak clothing in vinegar, then wash and dry Soak shoes in vinegar & do not wear them around livestock Shower thoroughly especially hair

35. Summary of FMD Strategy PREVENTION, PREVENTION, PREVENTION Education Preparedness Response Recovery