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FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN TURKEY

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN TURKEY. A. Naci BULUT Head of the Diagnosis Department Sap (FMD) Institute, ANKARA. P resentation o utlook. Introducing FMD (Şap) Institute Population size Outbreak situation Activities for suspection case and outbreak investigation

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FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN TURKEY

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  1. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN TURKEY A. Naci BULUT Head of the Diagnosis Department Sap (FMD) Institute, ANKARA

  2. Presentation outlook • Introducing FMD (Şap) Institute • Population size • Outbreak situation • Activities for suspection case and outbreak investigation • Laboratory studies for vaccine suitability and effectiveness • Serosurvealliance activites in 2006 March 2007

  3. FMD (SAP) INSTITUTE ŞAP INSTITUTE is the national reference institute of Turkey The institute : • Diagnosis of FMD • Production of FMD vaccine • Conduct trainning programmes on FMD • Design and carried out epidemiological studies on FMD such as serosurveys, active surveillance and case studies, • Carrying out research on FMDV and FMD vaccine. March 2007

  4. Diagnosis • Typing of FMD virus • Diagnosis of FMD; Indirect Ag Dtection ELISA, Cell culture isolation • Serology • Detection Ab to SP of FMDV; LPBE,SPCE • Antigenic Characterization; R value ELISA,VNT • Detection Ab to NSP of FMDV; NSP ELISAs • Molecular Epidemiology • Genetic Analysis of virus; PCR and Nuc. Seequencing • Mab • Antigenic panel March 2007

  5. Cell Culture and Virus Bank • Cell Culture Lab • Maintainance primer and continous cell culture • Preparing adopted suspension cell culture for vaccine production department • Maintainance cell culture collection;HÜKÜK • Virus Bank Production and maintanance seed virus Storage field virus isolates March 2007

  6. Vaccine production and Control Departmens • Vaccine is produced by big scale suspenssion cell culture method • Produced as three-valant which includes: A22 Iraq 24/64 • Matches with A Iran 05 O1 Manisa • Matches with new variants of PanAsia type O Asia 1 Shammir • Formulated with double-oil emulsion adjuvant • Required with 3PD50 potency (at least) March 2007

  7. EPIDEMIOLOGY (1) POPULATION DENSITY(LR) 1, >500,000; 15, 200.000-500.000 23, 100.000-200.000; 28, 50.000-100.000 12, 10.000-50.000; 2, <10.000 March 2007

  8. EPIDEMIOLOGY (2) POPULATION DENSITY (SR) >2million, 1mil-1.5mil, 500.000-1mil 250.000-500.000 100.000-250.000 <100.000 March 2007

  9. EPIDEMIOLOGY (3) FMD TYPES SITUATION • TYPE O • Dominant type which causes most of outbreak, • NOT so much change as antigenicly: O1 Manisa has been stood for many years as conventional strain • New Panasia O, cover by O1 Manisa antigenicly • TYPE A • Causes occasional outbreak time to time in some part of country, • But can be occurred easily genetic and antigenic diversity • Up to 1998, A22 Mahmatlı • Since 1998, A96 Iran/A99 Iran • Since November 2005, A05 Iran • TYPE ASIA1 It is egzotic type for Turkey • never seen since April 2002 March 2007

  10. EPIDEMIOLOGY (4) Field strains in the region • A Iran 2005 • Iran, Pakistan, S.Arabia, Turkey and Jordan • A Egypt 2006 • Egypt • New PanAsia O • Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Jordan, Israel • Asia 1 • No record March 2007

  11. EPIDEMIYOLOGY (5) • Distribution of types in 2005 Type O :98 Type A96Iran: 2 Type A99Iran:3 Type A05Iran:15 March 2007

  12. A05 Iran OUTBREAK BEFORE THE VACCINATION (UP TO END OF THE FEBRUARY 2006) Total outbreak number: 256 Number of the province: 66 March 2007

  13. A05 Iran OUTBREAK AFTER THE VACCINATION, Since July 2006 Total outbreak number: 118 Number of the province: 18 March 2007

  14. FMD TYPE-O Outbreaks in December 2006 FMD TYPE-A TOTAL : 13 OUTBREAKS TOTAL : 6 OUTBREAKS FMD NOT TYPED TOTAL : 14 OUTBREAKS March 2007

  15. RISK ASSESMENT • As regions; • Because of the social, geographical and the economical situation, the Eastern of Turkey has higher risk rather than the west • Since it has the hard climate, virus can maintain the infectivity for a long period in this region which causes sequential outbreak in each spring time • Animal in this area is source of the fattening premises which are located in the inside of Anatolia and west. Therefore the disease transmits by the marketing during the fattening sessions • Premises,small and dispersed and • Grazing types March 2007

  16. RISK ASSESMENT (2) • Animal movement; • It is the essential factor for FMD transmission • Turkey is under the risk by animal movement within the country and also from outside the country • Relating the animal movement, dealer is the another important instrument • Animal market • As a particular situation: Animal movement before and after Kurban Bayram • Inefficient vaccination • variable Vaccination coverage as region base • This can allow live virus circulation and maintenance of CARRIER STAGE • Short immunity following primo vaccination and difficulties for the application of booster vaccination March 2007

  17. ANIMAL MOVEMENT SITUATION ⌂ ⌂ ⌂ ⌂ March 2007

  18. Vaccine Coverage by Nick Honhold March 2007

  19. RISK ASSESMENT (3) • Veterinary service • Staff, equipment, vehicles • Heavy work load due to other duties • Legal power • Poor disease notification and passive surveillance • It has border many countries in which disease is endemic and • instability in across the south-east border • Public awareness and stakeholders involvement • Compensation scheme March 2007

  20. Carry out trace back investigation Reporting FMD Suspection to vet Outbreak activities Get Epi. Expert Grup Visit to event and start investigation Carry out trace back investigation Report to GDCP • Puting Quarantine zone within 3km2 • Disinfection • Bunning exit and entrance • Ring vaccination • Stamping out Diagnosis as FMD clinically Sending sample to Lab Get Outbreak team and Act FMD CP 3km Confirmation as FMD by Lab Surveillance within 10 km2 Report to Field Report to GDCP Report to OIE,EUFMD March 2007

  21. Laboratory studies for vaccine suitability (1) Genetic Analysis-Nucleotid Seequencing March 2007

  22. Laboratory studies for vaccine suitability (2) Antigenic Characterization/R Value by LPBE March 2007

  23. Laboratory studies for vaccine effectiveness (1) Test done for vaccine effectiveness during the process/final product • Each batch vaccine was controlled as: • Safety • Sterility and toxicity • Potency • Potency test was performed as: • Challenge test • Herd immunity test: This test conducts in at least 20 naive cattle and assesses as given at least 80% herdimmunity March 2007

  24. Laboratory studies for vaccine effectiveness (2) Field trials for vaccine potency March 2007

  25. Laboratory studies for vaccine effectiveness (3) Vaccine monitoring Sera collected from state farms for vaccine monitoring and antibody screening March 2007

  26. Thrace, Spring Sero-surveillance II. Antibody to NSPs March 2007

  27. Sero-surveillance I. Antibody to SPs (Thrace-Spring) March 2007

  28. ThraceSero-surveillance II. Antibody to NSPs (Autumn) Prevalance March 2007

  29. Field Study on dynamics and epidemiological characteristics of FMDV March 2007

  30. Lessons we learnt end of this study • Transmission of virus can be variable regarding to region and conditions -transmission is unlike Europe: Contact routes: airborne? -species! pig population & cattle! -herd/premises types • Transmission to SR from LR is not easy: depends on virulens • mild virus execration-partial protection- March 2007

  31. THANK YOU VERY MUCH YOUR KIND ATTENTION March 2007

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