COMMUNICATION

1. COMMUNICATION

2. Differences Between Speech and Writing

3. Speech Writing • Speech has systematic changes of rate, pitch, volume and tone to show changes in meaning. • Writing has a punctuation system, partly used for showing the structure of the sentence and also to denote changes in meaning. Production

4. Speech Writing • Speech is recorded through memory. However, we do have tools to record conversations. • Writing is permanent. It can be stored and read long after the sender has composed his/ her message. Permanency

5. Speech Writing • Speech is usually spontaneous and does not allow much time for corrections. • Writing texts can easily be edited and revised before the messages are delivered to an audience. Revision

6. Speech Writing • Usually the listener and the speaker are physically present in the same speech situation. They can see each other and be aware of what is going on. The speaker is able to get immediate feedback from his intended audience. • Any written document can be read anywhere by anyone, not just those actually present in the production of the text. A writer cannot obtain immediate feedback from his reader (with the exception of chat and text messaging. Interaction

7. Speech Writing • Speech is usually utilized for immediate communication. • Writing is used to record information that needs to be stored for a long period of time. Purpose

8. Speech Writing • There are different levels of formality depending on the context. Casual conversations are informal and may even let some grammatical inconsistencies pass. Speeches may require a higher level of formality. • The language used may be formal depending on the context. Form and structure are factors to be considered. Level of formality

9. Stumbling Blocks of Communication

10. The communicators fail to “say what they mean.” • The communicators have different vocabularies. Language

11. There are physical constraints that do not allow effective communication to occur (location, time, etc.). • Outside interference or distractions may have occurred. Physical

12. Professional differences exist between the communicators. • There are status differences (leader-member) between the communicators. Social

13. The communicators have different assumptions. • The speaker has poor knowledge of the subject or is inadequately prepared. • The listener has poor knowledge of the subject or is inadequately prepared for it. Knowledge

14. The speaker does not believe in the message or support the policy behind it. • One of the communicators may have negative or hostile reactions towards the other. Emotional

15. The listener is not interested in the subject. • The speaker or the listener my be temporarily preoccupied. Motivational

16. Finding Your Voice

17. Voice It is the distinctive quality or condition of a person’s speech.

18. Clear • Pleasant • Persuasive • Professional A good speaking voice should be:

19. Mechanics of Voice

20. a. the placing of air dissolved gases in intimate contact with the circulating medium of multi-cellular organism (as by breathing) b. a single complete act of breathing • the physical and chemical processes by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them from the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions • any of various energy-yielding oxidative reactions in living matter The amount of air we inhale is crucial to speech production because this determines the loudness or softness of our voice. Respiration

21. to produce vocal sounds especially speech • The sound is produced through the larynx which is also called the voice box. Phonation

22. the intensification and enriching of a musical tone by supplementary vibration • quality imparted to voiced sounds by vibration in anatomical resonating chambers or cavities (as the mouth or the nasal cavity) • a quality of richness or variety • (rich, nasal, or flat voice - timbre) Resonation

23. to utter distinctly • This refers to the modification of the vocal tone by the tongue, lips, jaw, and soft and hard palate in order to produce distinct speech sounds. Articulation

24. Rate is the quickness or slowness of speech. • Pitfalls • Speaking too fast • Slurring words • Speaking too slowly • Using excessive fillers Vocal Attributes

25. Pitch is the highness or lowness of speech. • Pitfalls • Sounding too shrill • Droning • Sounding Uncertain Vocal Attributes

26. Volume is the loudness and softness of our voice. • Pitfalls • Being too soft-spoken • Mumbling • Being too loud • Dropping your voice at the end of the sentence Vocal Attributes

27. Tone involves the manner in which we say things. • Pitfalls • Sounding monotonous • Putting people down with your tone • Having harshness in your voice Vocal Attributes

28. Speak at a moderate speed. • Speak in a comfortable pitch range. • Ensure appropriate volume. • Speak with enthusiasm. • Speak with clarity. Projecting Confidence

29. Collecting and projecting, receding and speeding and shocking and rocking and darting and parting and treading and spreading and whizzing and hissing and dripping and skipping and hitting and splitting and shining and twining and rattling and battling and shaking and quaking and pouring and roaring and waving and raving and flowing and going and heaving and cleaving and foaming and roaming and moaning and groaning and dropping and hopping.

30. Open mouth wide. • “Ka-ka-ka-ka-ka” • “Ga-ga-ga-ga-ga-ga” • “Ha-ha-ha-ha” • “ka-ga-ha” • Blow out gently five times. Feel your belly come in as you blow out. • Produce an /s/ sound gently five times. • Produce the /sh/ sound EXERCISES

31. One... Pickety! • Siren • Diaphragm (lowest pitch) • Chest (mid pitch) • Throat (high pitch) • Nose (highest pitch) Pitch Exercises

32. Bowling ball • “I have something to tell you.” • “My name is...” • “What I’ve been trying to say... Volume Exercises

33. End 